ANALISIS UNGKAPAN TRADISIONAL DALAM RITUAL VAU DI DESA TAYANDO YAMTEL KECAMATAN TAYANDO TAM (KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendenskripsikan bentuk serta makna simbol yang terdapat dalam analisis ungkapan tradisional dalam ritual vau berdasarkan kajian enolinguistik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa ungkapan tradisional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui  wawancara, obserfasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ungkapan terbagi menjadi beberapa tahap utama: wasar (peminangan), hurak (menanyakan hari pernikahan), iyak sit yahau lilan (pemasangan cincin), serta tahapan penyerahan mahar benda pusaka (lela, mariyam, gong) dan ritus distribusi logistik (bawiyar ai). Secara semiotis, penggunaan metafora seperti kembang rumah (bung funn) merepresentasikan atas marwah kesucian perempuan, sementara retorika defensif pada negosiasi mahar yang berat berhasil mendekonstruksi nilai material menjadi kompromi humanis berbasis kekeluargaan. Puncak dari prosesi ini yakni, nyanyian (wiran sowo lar naba wo / im wo am wo) yang berfungsi menghapus diferensiasi suku dan melebur sekat sosial ke dalam satu garis keturunan sejarah leluhur yang sama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa seluruh rumusan tutur tradisional tersebut beroperasi sebagai "arsip lisan" kolektif yang kokoh, mengutamakan nilai kemanusiaan.

This research aims to identify and describe the forms and meanings of symbols embedded in the traditional expressions of the Vau ritual from an ethnolinguistic perspective. A descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The research data consist of traditional expressions, which were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques.The results demonstrate that these traditional expressions are structured across several main stages: Wasar (the proposal), Hurak (determining the wedding day), Iyak sit yahau lilan (the exchange of rings), as well as the stages of handing over heirloom dowries (Lela, Mariyam, Gong) and the logistics distribution rite (bawiyar ai). Semiotically, the use of metaphors such as "house flower" (bung funn) represents the purity and dignity of womenMeanwhile, the defensive rhetoric employed during intense dowry negotiations successfully deconstructs material values into a humanist compromise rooted in kinship.The climax of this procession features the chanting of ritual songs (Wiran sowo lar naba wo / Im wo am wo), which functions to dissolve clan differentiation and dismantle social barriers, merging them into a single historical lineage of shared ancestry. This study concludes that the entire formulation of these traditional speeches operates as a robust collective "oral archive" that prioritizes human values.