ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATERI BANGUN RUANG DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN GENDER KELAS VIII DI SMP SWASTA TELADAN PEMATANGSIANTAR

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar dalam menyelesaikan materi bangun ruang, khusunya kubus dan balok. Observasi awal terhadap 29 siswa menunjukkan bahwa 13,33% memenuhi indikator memahami masalah, 16,67% merencanakan penyelesaian, 3,33% melaksanakn rencana, dan 0% memeriksa kembali hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa berdasarkan perbedaan gender. Kajian penelitian menggunakan empat indikator polya, yaitu memahami masalah, menyususn rencana penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali hasil. Penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan enam subjek yang dipilih secara purposive, terdiri atas tiga siswa laki-laki dan tiga siswa perempuan dengan kategori kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, tes tertulis, wawancara dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melakui klasifikasi, reduksi, penyajian, data, penafsiran, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa berkemampuan tinggi cenderung lebih mampu menyelesaikan masalah secara sistematis. Siswa berkemampuan sedang dan rendah masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan strategi, menerapkan rumus, melakukan perhitungan, dan memeriksa hasil. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah bervariasi berdasarkan gender dan tingkat kemampuan siswa.

This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving abilities of students in solving solid geometry problems. Students still experience difficulties in understanding the given and required information, determining solution strategies, carrying out calculations, and checking their results. This study aims to analyze students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities in solving solid geometry problems based on gender differences among eighth-grade students at SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar. This research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were selected purposively by considering gender differences and students’ levels of mathematical problem-solving abilities. Data collection techniques included observation, written essay tests, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data classification, data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. Students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities were analyzed based on Polya’s four indicators: understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back at the solution. Data validity was established through triangulation to support the trustworthiness of the research findings. The findings are expected to provide an overview of the characteristics, similarities, and differences in the mathematical problem-solving abilities of male and female students across each indicator. They are also expected to serve as a consideration for teachers in designing mathematics instruction that addresses students’ learning needs.