PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN SATWA LIAR OLEH BALAI PENEGAKAN HUKUM KEHUTANAN DI WILAYAH RIAU

Abstrak

Perdagangan satwa liar merupakan tindak pidana yang terjadi dengan berbagai modus operandi dan menyebabkan sejumlah satwa liar dilindungi mengalami kepunahan. Balai Penegakan Hukum Kehutanan (Balai Gakkum) Sumatera Seksi Wilayah II hanya menangani sekitar 6 kasus dalam kurun waktu 2020–2025, sementara populasi satwa terus menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pelaksanaan penegakan hukum, hambatan yang dihadapi, dan upaya mengatasinya. Penelitian bersifat sosiologis-empiris dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum dilakukan secara represif (operasi penertiban dan penuntutan hingga persidangan) dan preventif (sosialisasi, pengawasan, koordinasi). Hambatan utama meliputi keterbatasan jumlah penyidik (hanya 8 orang), kurangnya sarana teknologi, lemahnya implementasi regulasi, dan rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Upaya yang dilakukan mencakup penambahan personel, peningkatan kompetensi SDM, kerja sama dengan masyarakat dan LSM, serta dukungan sarana prasarana penegakan hukum.

Wildlife trafficking is a criminal offence conducted through various methods that threaten the survival of several protected species. The Forestry Law Enforcement Agency (Balai Gakkum) Sumatera Regional Section II handled only approximately six cases during 2020–2025, while wildlife populations continued to decline. This study examines the implementation of law enforcement, the obstacles encountered, and the efforts undertaken to address them. The research employs a sociological-empirical approach, with data collected through interviews, questionnaires, and literature review. Findings indicate that law enforcement is carried out both repressively (enforcement operations and prosecution through trial) and preventively (public outreach, monitoring, coordination). Key obstacles include a limited number of investigators (only 8 personnel), insufficient technological infrastructure, ineffective regulatory implementation, and low public legal awareness. Efforts to overcome these obstacles encompass personnel expansion, human resource capacity building, community and NGO collaboration, and improved law enforcement infrastructure.