https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jes/issue/feed Jurnal Ekonomi Sinergi 2026-05-30T17:30:12+00:00 Open Journal Systems https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jes/article/view/22003 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RUMAH SAKIT DI ERA UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 2026-05-19T13:11:05+00:00 Ade Edmawati adeedma@gmail.com Aditya Pratama Aria dietya36@gmail.com Siswanto siswanto.kbpok@gmail.com Budi Hartono guest@jurnalhst.com <p>Keberlanjutan finansial rumah sakit merupakan isu krusial dalam ekosistem Universal Health Coverage (UHC), mengingat ketimpangan antara tuntutan perluasan akses layanan dan kapasitas fiskal fasilitas kesehatan semakin melebar. Data empiris menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar rumah sakit peserta JKN mengalami tekanan finansial serius, dengan dampak yang mencakup penurunan kualitas layanan, keterbatasan pengadaan obat dan alat medis, hingga ancaman terhadap keberlangsungan operasional fasilitas (Laila et al., 2025; Imansyah, 2025). Kajian ini bertujuan memetakan faktor-faktor penentu financial sustainability rumah sakit serta strategi yang terbukti efektif dalam menjaganya di tengah tekanan sistem pembiayaan berbasis casemix. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan panduan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Penelusuran dilakukan pada lima basis data elektronik, yakni PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, dan Garuda, menghasilkan 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sintesis naratif tematik mengidentifikasi empat faktor utama yang secara simultan memengaruhi keberlanjutan finansial rumah sakit, yaitu ketidaksesuaian tarif INA-CBGs dengan biaya aktual layanan, akumulasi pending claim akibat lemahnya pengelolaan clinical coding, inefisiensi pemanfaatan sumber daya operasional, serta dampak sistem pembayaran prospektif terhadap mutu pelayanan. Strategi yang terbukti efektif meliputi penerapan metode Activity-Based Costing, diversifikasi sumber pendapatan, penguatan kompetensi clinical coder, peningkatan kualitas layanan sebagai instrumen finansial jangka panjang, serta optimalisasi aset (asset optimization) melalui maksimalisasi utilisasi peralatan medis, manajemen aset berbasis data, dan monetisasi aset yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Disimpulkan bahwa keberlanjutan finansial rumah sakit di era UHC tidak dapat diselesaikan melalui pendekatan tunggal, melainkan membutuhkan pengelolaan terintegrasi yang mencakup kebijakan tarif, efisiensi operasional, manajemen klaim, optimalisasi aset, dan peningkatan mutu pelayanan secara bersamaan.</p> <h2 style="margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 20.15pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal;">Hospital financial sustainability represents a critical issue within the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) ecosystem, as the gap between expanding service access demands and the fiscal capacity of healthcare facilities continues to widen. Empirical evidence indicates that a significant proportion of hospitals participating in the national health insurance scheme face serious financial pressures, with consequences including deteriorating service quality, limited procurement of medicines and medical equipment, and threats to the operational continuity of facilities (Laila et al., 2025; Imansyah, 2025). This study aims to map the key determinants of hospital financial sustainability and identify proven strategies for maintaining it amid pressures from casemix-based financing systems. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement was employed. A systematic search across five electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Garuda, yielded 20 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Thematic narrative synthesis identified four principal factors simultaneously influencing hospital financial sustainability: the disparity between INA-CBGs tariffs and actual service costs, accumulating pending claims resulting from inadequate clinical coding management, inefficient utilization of operational resources, and the impact of prospective payment systems on service quality. Effective strategies identified include implementing Activity-Based Costing methods, diversifying revenue sources, strengthening clinical coder competencies, enhancing service quality as a long-term financial instrument, and asset optimization through maximizing medical equipment utilization, data-driven asset management, and monetization of underutilized assets. It is concluded that hospital financial sustainability in the UHC era cannot be addressed through a singular approach but requires integrated management encompassing tariff policy, operational efficiency, claims management, asset optimization, and service quality improvement simultaneously.</span></em></h2> 2026-06-13T00:00:00+00:00 Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi Sinergi https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jes/article/view/22148 ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI NILAI KEBANGSAAN DALAM PROGRAM LATIHAN DASAR KEPEMIMPINAN ORGANISASI PADA HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN (HMM) UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG 2026-05-23T10:03:48+00:00 Tamala Setiarini tamalasetiarini@gmail.com Camelia Putri Soneta cameliaputri602@gmail.com Angga Priyandi angga19ptu@gmail.com Husnul Khotimah husnulkhotimah18888@gmail.com <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi nilai kebangsaan dalam program Latihan Dasar Kepemimpinan Organisasi (LDKO) pada Himpunan Mahasiswa Manajemen (HMM-UNPAM). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan analisis pengalaman peserta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan LDKO memberikan dampak positif terhadap pembentukan karakter mahasiswa, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab, kemampuan kerja sama, serta keterampilan kepemimpinan. Selain itu, nilai kebangsaan seperti persatuan, toleransi, dan kepedulian sosial juga mengalami peningkatan melalui aktivitas berbasis pengalaman (experiential learning). Namun demikian, terdapat kendala dalam menjaga konsistensi penerapan nilai-nilai tersebut setelah kegiatan LDKO selesai, serta masih terbatasnya metode pembelajaran yang inovatif dalam beberapa sesi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan program lanjutan dan inovasi metode pelaksanaan agar internalisasi nilai kebangsaan dapat berlangsung secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan program pembinaan karakter mahasiswa berbasis organisasi.</p> <p><em>This study aims to analyze the implementation of national values in the Basic Organizational Leadership Training (LDKO) program at the Management Student Association of Pamulang University (HMM-UNPAM). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and participant experience analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of LDKO has a positive impact on student character development, particularly in improving discipline, responsibility, teamwork, and leadership skills. In addition, national values such as unity, tolerance, and social awareness have also improved through experiential learning-based activities. However, challenges remain in maintaining the consistency of these values after the completion of the LDKO program, as well as the limited use of innovative learning methods in certain sessions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen follow-up programs and develop more innovative implementation methods to ensure the sustainability of national value internalization. This study is expected to serve as a reference for developing organization-based student character development programs.</em></p> 2026-05-30T00:00:00+00:00 Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi Sinergi https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jes/article/view/22054 PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA DAN INFLASI TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH DI BANK INDONESIA PADA PERIODE 2015-2024 2026-05-20T12:59:38+00:00 Syalwa Dwi Guna syalwaadwiguna@gmail.com Sentiya Minola sellasentia@gmail.com Seni Melina Paujiah senimelina@gmail.com Andina Nuraini andinanuraini@gmail.com Mayla Fajar Azalia maylafajarazalia25@gmail.com <p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suku bunga dan inflasi terhadap nilai tukar rupiah di Bank Indonesia selama periode 2015–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier berganda, di mana data sekunder diperoleh dari publikasi resmi Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik suku bunga maupun inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika Serikat. Secara parsial, inflasi memiliki hubungan negatif sedangkan suku bunga menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap nilai tukar, namun keduanya tidak cukup kuat secara statistik. Secara simultan, kedua variabel tersebut hanya mampu menjelaskan variasi nilai tukar sebesar 9,9%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal seperti kondisi ekonomi global, arus modal asing, dan kebijakan moneter negara-negara maju. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah tidak hanya bergantung pada faktor domestik, tetapi juga pada dinamika ekonomi internasional. Oleh karena itu, koordinasi kebijakan antara sektor moneter, fiskal, dan perdagangan perlu diperkuat agar stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah dapat dipertahankan dengan lebih baik dalam jangka panjang</em>.</p> <h2 style="margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 20.15pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal;">This study aims to analyze the influence of interest rates and inflation on the rupiah exchange rate at Bank Indonesia during the period 2015–2024. The method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis, where secondary data is obtained from official publications of Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency. The results of the study show that neither the interest rate nor inflation have a significant effect on the movement of the rupiah exchange rate against the United States dollar. Partially, inflation has a negative relationship direction while interest rates show a positive relationship to the exchange rate, but neither is statistically strong enough. Simultaneously, both variables were only able to explain the exchange rate variation of 9.9%, while the rest were influenced by external factors such as global economic conditions, foreign capital flows, and monetary policies of developed countries. This finding confirms that the stability of the rupiah exchange rate does not only depend on domestic factors, but also on international economic dynamics. Therefore, policy coordination between the monetary, fiscal, and trade sectors needs to be strengthened so that the stability of the rupiah exchange rate can be better maintained in the long term.</span></em></h2> 2026-05-30T00:00:00+00:00 Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi Sinergi https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jes/article/view/22115 PENGARUH NPL & BOPO TERHADAP ROA PADA BANK BNI PERIODE 2014 -2024 2026-05-22T08:59:47+00:00 Safira Amanda safiraamanda557@gmail.com Laura Claudya Anwar saipulolaola@gmail.com Gadis Permatasari gadispermatasari10@gmail.com <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) selama periode 2014 hingga 2024. ROA merupakan indikator utama untuk mengukur tingkat profitabilitas bank. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan Bank BNI. Berdasarkan data yang dianalisis, diketahui bahwa NPL tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2021 sebesar 4,3%, sedangkan BOPO juga mencapai angka tertinggi pada tahun yang sama sebesar 93,3%, yang berdampak pada menurunnya ROA ke angka terendah sebesar 0,5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa NPL dan BOPO secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Secara parsial, keduanya memiliki pengaruh negatif, yang berarti peningkatan NPL dan BOPO akan menurunkan tingkat ROA. Dengan demikian, pengendalian terhadap risiko kredit dan efisiensi operasional menjadi kunci dalam menjaga kinerja keuangan Bank BNI.</p> <h2 style="margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 20.15pt;"><em><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal;">This research aims to analyze the influence of Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Operational Costs on Operating Income (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA) at Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) during the period 2014 to 2024. ROA is the main indicator for measuring the level of bank profitability. The method used in this research is quantitative with a descriptive approach and multiple linear regression analysis. The data used is secondary data obtained from BNI Bank's annual financial reports. Based on the data analyzed, it is known that the highest NPL occurred in 2021 at 4.3%, while BOPO also reached the highest figure in the same year at 93.3%, which had the impact of decreasing ROA to the lowest figure of 0.5%. The analysis results show that NPL and BOPO simultaneously have a significant effect on ROA. Partially, both have a negative influence, which means that an increase in NPL and BOPO will reduce the level of ROA. Thus, controlling credit risk and operational efficiency are the keys to maintaining the financial performance of Bank BNI.</span></em></h2> 2026-05-30T00:00:00+00:00 Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Jurnal Ekonomi Sinergi