PERAN UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND (UNICEF) DALAM MENANGANI ANAK PALESTINA DI TENGAH KONFLIK 2023

Abstrak

Konflik berkepanjangan antara Palestina dan Israel pada tahun 2023 telah menimbulkan krisis kemanusiaan yang mendalam, terutama bagi anak-anak di Jalur Gaza. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) dalam menangani dampak konflik terhadap anak-anak Palestina. Menggunakan kerangka teori Organisasi Internasional dan konsep Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC), studi ini mengkaji bagaimana UNICEF beroperasi sebagai inisiator, fasilitator, dan mediator dalam upaya perlindungan anak. Data menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 816.000 anak di Jalur Gaza membutuhkan dukungan kesehatan mental dan psikososial, dengan tingkat kematian anak mencapai satu korban setiap 15 menit akibat pemboman. UNICEF merespons krisis ini melalui kemitraan strategis dengan UNRWA, penyediaan bantuan kemanusiaan berupa pasokan medis, air bersih, dan bahan bakar, serta pemantauan kepatuhan terhadap hak-hak anak sesuai CRC. Sebagai inisiator, UNICEF memimpin pembentukan kemitraan internasional dan advokasi kebijakan. Sebagai fasilitator, organisasi ini menyediakan bantuan langsung berupa layanan kesehatan, pendidikan, dan dukungan psikososial kepada 676 anak terdampak konflik. Sebagai mediator, UNICEF memantau ketaatan terhadap CRC dan menyusun laporan pelanggaran hak anak. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peran multidimensional UNICEF sangat krusial dalam melindungi hak-hak anak Palestina di tengah konflik, meskipun tantangan implementasi masih signifikan akibat intensitas konflik yang berkelanjutan.

The prolonged conflict between Palestine and Israel in 2023 has created a profound humanitarian crisis, particularly affecting children in the Gaza Strip. This research analyzes the role of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in addressing the impact of conflict on Palestinian children. Using the framework of International Organization theory and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) concept, this study examines how UNICEF operates as an initiator, facilitator, and mediator in child protection efforts. Data shows that more than 816,000 children in the Gaza Strip require mental health and psychosocial support, with child mortality rates reaching one victim every 15 minutes due to bombing. UNICEF responds to this crisis through strategic partnerships with UNRWA, provision of humanitarian aid including medical supplies, clean water, and fuel, as well as monitoring compliance with children's rights under the CRC. As an initiator, UNICEF leads the formation of international partnerships and policy advocacy. As a facilitator, the organization provides direct assistance in the form of health services, education, and psychosocial support to 676 conflict-affected children. As a mediator, UNICEF monitors compliance with the CRC and compiles reports on violations of children's rights. This research concludes that UNICEF's multidimensional role is crucial in protecting the rights of Palestinian children amid conflict, although implementation challenges remain significant due to the intensity of the ongoing conflict.