ANALISIS YURIDIS TUMPANG TINDIH ZEE DAN LANDAS KONTINEN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA DI LAUT SULAWESI BERDASARKAN UNCLOS 1982

Abstrak

Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) merupakan wilayah laut yang memiliki nilai strategis karena mengandung potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah, sehingga sering menimbulkan tumoang tindih klaim antarnegara yang berdekatan. Ketentuan Pasal 57 Unites Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) menetapkan bahwa lebar ZEE tidak boleh lebih dari 200 mill laut dari garis pangkal, yang dalam praktiknya dapat menimbulkan irisan klaim apabila jarak antarnegara kurang dari 400 mill laut. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi memicu sengketa delimitasi maritim, termasuk dalam konteks Indonesia dan Malaysia di Laut Sulawesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa tumpang tindih batas ZEE menurut hukum Internasional serta mengkanji efektivitas penyelesaian melalui jalur non-ligitasi dibandingkan litigasi internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa penyelesaian sengketa delimitasu ZEE berdasarkan Pasal 74 UNCLOS 1982 harus dilakukan dengan cara perjanjian internasional guna mencapai solusi yang adil (equaitable solution). Mekanisme yang dapat ditempuh melalui negosiasi, mediasi, arbitrase, maupun penyelesaian melalui Mahkamah Internasional.

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime area of strategic importance due to its abundant natural resource potential, often leading to overlapping claims between adjacent countries. Article 57 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) stipulates that the EEZ shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline. In practice, overlapping claims can arise if the distance between countries is less than 400 nautical miles. This situation has the potential to trigger maritime delimitation disputes, including in the context of Indonesia and Malaysia in the Sulawesi Sea. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving overlapping EEZ boundary disputes under international law and to assess the effectiveness of non-litigation approaches compared to international litigation. The research method used is normative legal research through statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study indicate that the resolution of EEZ delimitation disputes under Article 74 of UNCLOS 1982 must be carried out through international agreements to achieve an equitable solution. Mechanisms that can be pursued include negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and resolution through the International Court of Justice.