POLITIK HUKUM PENGATURAN DANA DESA DAN ALOKASI DANA DESA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PEMBANGUNAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis politik hukum pengaturan dana desa dan alokasi dana desa (add) di indonesia sebagai instrumen strategis pembangunan desa pasca-Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014. Kebijakan ini dirancang untuk memperkuat otonomi desa, desentralisasi fiskal, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui transfer anggaran langsung dari apbn dan apbd, dengan tujuan mengurangi ketimpangan regional serta mewujudkan keadilan sosial sebagaimana diamanatkan UUD 1945. Menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan statute dan conceptual approach, penelitian menelaah norma hukum primer seperti uu desa beserta turunannya, doktrin politik hukum, dan studi empiris terkait efektivitas implementasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan dana desa mencerminkan paradigma pembangunan berbasis masyarakat melalui musyawarah desa dan prioritas pembangunan infrastruktur serta pemberdayaan ekonomi seperti bumdes, meskipun terkendala oleh regulasi kaku, kapasitas aparatur rendah, dan pengendalian pusat yang dominan. Penelitian menyimpulkan adanya kesenjangan antara norma normatif dan praktik lapangan, sehingga rekomendasi mencakup penyederhanaan regulasi, penguatan pengawasan partisipatif via bpd dan transparansi publik, serta pergeseran fokus ke outcome kesejahteraan seperti kemandirian ekonomi. Pengembangan politik hukum ke depan diharapkan lebih efektif, akuntabel, dan responsif untuk transformasi desa mandiri.

Thiis stuudy aanalyzes thee legal politics off regulating villlage fuunds aand thhe allocation off villlage funds (ADD) in Indonesia as a strategic instrument for village development after Law Number 6 of 2014. This policy is designed to strengthen village autonomy, fiscal decentralization, and community empowerment thru direct budget transfers from the state and regional budgets, with the aim of reducing regional disparities and achieving social justice as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. Using a norrmative leegal approach with a stattute aand coonceptual apprroach, tthe research examines prrimary leegal norms such as village laws and their derivatives, legal political doctrines, and empirical studies related to implementation effectiveness. Tthe resuults shoow thhat thee manageement of viillage fuunds reflects a community-based development paradigm thru village consultations and priorities for infrastructure development and economic empowerment such as village-owned enterprises (Bumdes), although constrained by rigid regulations, low apparatus capacity, and dominant central control. The research concludes that there is a gap between normative norms and field practices, so the recommendations include simplifying regulations, strengthening participatory oversight thru village councils and public transparency, and shifting the focus to welfare outcomes such as economic independence. Future legal and political development is expected to be more effective, accountable, and responsive for the transformation of independent villages.