MEKANISME PEMBEBANAN DAN EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA ATAS BAGIAN-BAGIAN PESAWAT UDARA DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT

Abstrak

Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan menimbulkan kekosongan hukum, sehingga dalam praktiknya bagian pesawat udara seperti mesin dan rangka digunakan sebagai objek jaminan fidusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia atas bagian pesawat udara serta pelaksanaan eksekusi sertifikat jaminan fidusia dalam hal terjadi wanprestasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembebanan jaminan fidusia dilakukan melalui akta notaris dan pendaftaran pada Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia untuk memperoleh hak preferen bagi kreditur. Dalam praktik pembiayaan pesawat udara yang bersifat lintas negara, pendaftaran juga dilakukan pada International Registry berdasarkan Konvensi Cape Town. Namun, pelaksanaan eksekusi sertifikat jaminan fidusia masih menghadapi kendala yuridis dan teknis, terutama setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18 Tahun 2019, serta berkaitan dengan regulasi keselamatan penerbangan dan kondisi teknis pesawat udara. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sinkronisasi regulasi guna memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pembebanan dan eksekusi jaminan atas bagian pesawat udara.

This study examines the imposition of fiduciary security over aircraft components in credit agreements in Indonesia. The absence of regulations governing the registration of aircraft mortgages as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation has created a legal vacuum. As a result, in practice, certain aircraft components, such as engines and airframes, are used as objects of fiduciary security. This research aims to analyze the mechanism of credit agreements secured by fiduciary guarantees over aircraft components and the execution of fiduciary security certificates in the event of default. The study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and descriptive-analytical analysis. The findings indicate that the establishment of fiduciary security over aircraft components is carried out through a notarial deed and registration at the Fiduciary Registration Office in order to obtain preferential rights for creditors. In cross-border aircraft financing practices, registration is also conducted at the International Registry in accordance with the Cape Town Convention. However, the execution of fiduciary security certificates still faces juridical and technical challenges, particularly following Constitutional Court Decision Number 18 of 2019, as well as issues related to aviation safety regulations and the technical condition of the aircraft.