KOMPETENSI ABSOLUT PENGADILAN NEGERI VERSUS ARBITRASE DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA INVESTASI DI PASAR MODAL

Abstrak

Penyelesaian sengketa investasi di pasar modal seringkali memunculkan perdebatan yurisdiksional antara Pengadilan Negeri dan lembaga arbitrase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis batasan kompetensi absolut antara Pengadilan Negeri dan arbitrase, khususnya pasca terbitnya regulasi integrasi lembaga penyelesaian sengketa sektor jasa keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asas pacta sunt servanda pada klausula arbitrase dalam suatu perjanjian investasi secara serta-merta menggugurkan kewenangan Pengadilan Negeri untuk memeriksa dan mengadili pokok sengketa. Kewenangan mengadili secara absolut beralih kepada Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (LAPS SJK), dan kualifikasi gugatan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) tidak dapat meniadakan kompetensi absolut tersebut. Meskipun demikian, Pengadilan Negeri tetap memiliki kewenangan sisa (residual power) yang krusial namun terbatas pada ranah eksekusi putusan (pendaftaran dan fiat eksekusi) serta pembatalan putusan arbitrase berdasarkan alasan-alasan limitatif yang diatur dalam undang-undang.

The settlement of investment disputes in the capital market often raises jurisdictional debates between the District Court and arbitration institutions. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of absolute competence between the District Court and arbitration, particularly following the regulatory integration of financial services sector dispute resolution institutions. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the pacta sunt servanda principle within an arbitration clause of an investment agreement immediately nullifies the District Court's authority to examine and adjudicate the merits of the dispute. The absolute authority to adjudicate shifts to the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution for the Financial Services Sector (LAPS SJK), and the qualification of a tort (unlawful act) lawsuit cannot negate this absolute competence. Nevertheless, the District Court retains a crucial but limited residual power, confined to the execution of awards (registration and fiat of execution) and the annulment of arbitral awards based on exhaustive grounds stipulated by law.