KAFA'AH AND MARRIAGE DYNAMICS IN MODERN SOCIETY: AN ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW PERSPECTIVE (A CASE STUDY OF TLANAKAN VILLAGE, TLANAKAN DISTRICT, PAMEKASAN REGENCY)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji konsep kafa’ah dan dinamika perkawinan masyarakat di era modern dalam perspektif hukum keluarga Islam di Kecamatan Tlanakan Kabupaten Pamekasan. Kafa’ah masih menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam menentukan pasangan hidup di kalangan masyarakat Madura, terutama terkait agama, keturunan, status sosial, pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Namun, modernisasi dan perubahan sosial memengaruhi pemahaman serta penerapan konsep kafa’ah dalam praktik perkawinan masyarakat. Penelitian ini hadir untuk menjelaskan bagaimana masyarakat memahami kafa’ah, bagaimana perbedaan kultur antar desa memengaruhi penerapannya, serta bagaimana hukum keluarga Islam memandang praktik tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teori kafa’ah dalam hukum keluarga Islam. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang melibatkan pasangan suami istri, orang tua, tokoh agama, dan tokoh masyarakat di Kecamatan Tlanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kafa’ah berbeda antar desa karena dipengaruhi oleh tradisi budaya, nilai keluarga, pendidikan, dan lingkungan sosial. Sebagian masyarakat masih memprioritaskan kafa’ah berdasarkan agama dan status sosial, sementara sebagian lainnya lebih menekankan kecocokan dan pilihan individu. Dalam perspektif hukum keluarga Islam, kafa’ah dipandang sebagai faktor pendukung keharmonisan rumah tangga, bukan syarat mutlak sahnya perkawinan.

This study examines the concept of kafa’ah and marriage dynamics in modern society from the perspective of Islamic family law in Tlanakan District, Pamekasan Regency. Kafa’ah remains an important consideration in determining marriage partners within Madurese society, particularly regarding religion, lineage, social status, education, and economic background. However, modernization and social change have influenced the community’s understanding and implementation of kafa’ah in marriage practices. This study aims to explain how the community understands kafa’ah, how cultural differences among villages affect its implementation, and how Islamic family law views these practices. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach and applies the theory of kafa’ah in Islamic family law. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving married couples, parents, religious leaders, and community figures in Tlanakan District. The findings reveal that the implementation of kafa’ah differs among villages due to variations in cultural traditions, family values, educational background, and social environment. Some communities continue to prioritize kafa’ah based on religion and social status, while others emphasize compatibility and individual choice. From the perspective of Islamic family law, kafa’ah is regarded as a supporting factor in achieving household harmony rather than an absolute requirement for marriage validity.