RESOLUSI KONFLIK AGRARIA ANTARA PABRIK PTPN VII GUNUNG DEMPO DENGAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN DEMPO UTARA KOTA PAGARALAM

Abstrak

Konflik agraria merupakan salah satu persoalan struktural yang terus berlangsung di Indonesia akibat ketimpangan penguasaan tanah, tumpang tindih regulasi, serta lemahnya perlindungan terhadap hak-hak masyarakat adat dan lokal. Penelitian ini mengkaji konflik antara masyarakat Kecamatan Dempo Utara, Kota Pagaralam dengan PTPN VII Gunung Dempo terkait sengketa lahan di Janang seluas 100  hektar. Konflik ini muncul karena adanya perbedaan klaim: masyarakat berpegang pada hak historis berbasis adat, sedangkan perusahaan mengandalkan legalitas Hak Guna Usaha (HGU). Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh informan kunci (perwakilan pemerintah daerah, staf PTPN VII, dan masyarakat), serta dokumentasi arsip. Analisis data mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk konflik meliputi sengketa kepemilikan tanah adat, penggusuran lahan produktif, serta minimnya transparansi perusahaan. Upaya penyelesaian melalui mediasi, negosiasi, dan arbitrase belum membuahkan hasil karena perbedaan orientasi: masyarakat menuntut restitusi tanah leluhur, sementara perusahaan hanya menawarkan kompensasi berupa lahan pengganti. Pemerintah sebagai mediator dianggap kurang netral sehingga menimbulkan krisis kepercayaan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konflik agraria di Dempo Utara tidak dapat diselesaikan hanya dengan pendekatan legal-formal, melainkan memerlukan strategi resolusi holistik berbasis keadilan restoratif, pengakuan hak adat, dialog inklusif, serta keterlibatan semua pihak secara transparan.

Agrarian conflict remains a persistent structural issue in Indonesia, rooted in land tenure inequality, overlapping regulations, and the weak protection of customary and local community rights. This study examines the dispute between the community of Dempo Utara Subdistrict, Pagaralam City, and PTPN VII Gunung Dempo regarding the Janang land area of 100 hectares. The conflict arises from competing claims: the community relies on historical customary rights, while the company asserts ownership based on the state-granted Hak Guna Usaha (HGU). This research employs a qualitative method with data collected through field observation, in-depth interviews with seven key informants (local government officials, PTPN VII staff, and community representatives), and documentation analysis. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the conflict manifests in three main forms: disputes over customary land ownership, eviction of productive lands, and lack of transparency from the company. Efforts at resolution through mediation, negotiation, and arbitration have failed due to divergent orientations: the community insists on restitution of ancestral land, whereas the company offers only compensatory substitute land. The government, as mediator, is perceived as biased, leading to a crisis of trust. This research concludes that agrarian conflicts in Dempo Utara cannot be resolved merely through legal-formal approaches but require a holistic strategy based on restorative justice, recognition of customary rights, inclusive dialogue, and transparent multi-stakeholder engagement.