PERAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA MELALUI BERBAGAI ATRAKSI DI DESA LUMBAN BULBUL, KECAMATAN BALIGE, KABUPATEN TOBA

Abstrak

Pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (community-based tourism) menempatkan masyarakat lokal sebagai aktor utama dalam pengelolaan destinasi, sehingga keberhasilan desa wisata sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat partisipasi warganya. Desa Lumban Bulbul, Kecamatan Balige, Kabupaten Toba, merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang berkembang di kawasan Danau Toba dengan atraksi unggulan berupa wisata air di Pantai Bulbul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan atraksi wisata air serta dampaknya terhadap pengembangan desa wisata. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Informan dipilih melalui purposive sampling yang melibatkan masyarakat pengelola, pemerintah desa, dan wisatawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat berperan aktif dalam mengelola atraksi seperti banana boat, kano, dan perahu keliling. Partisipasi ini memberikan dampak positif berupa peningkatan ekonomi keluarga, penguatan identitas sosial, serta rasa kepemilikan terhadap destinasi. Namun, pengembangan desa wisata masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan promosi yang belum maksimal. Kesimpulannya, sinergi antara masyarakat, pemerintah, dan strategi berkelanjutan sangat menentukan keberhasilan Desa Wisata Lumban Bulbul.

Community-based tourism places local communities as the main actors in destination management, so that the success of tourism villages is largely determined by the level of participation of its citizens. Lumban Bulbul Village, Balige District, Toba Regency, is one of the tourist villages that is developing in the Lake Toba area with superior attractions in the form of water tourism at Bulbul Beach. This study aims to describe the role of local communities in the management of water tourism attractions and their impact on the development of tourist villages. The research uses qualitative methods with observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected through purposive sampling involving the managing community, village government, and tourists. The results of the study show that the community plays an active role in managing attractions such as banana boats, canoes, and traveling boats. This participation has a positive impact in the form of improving the family economy, strengthening social identity, and a sense of ownership of the destination. However, the development of tourism villages still faces obstacles in the form of limited human resources and promotion that has not been maximized. In conclusion, the synergy between the community, the government, and sustainable strategies greatly determines the success of the Lumban Bulbul Tourism Village.