ANALISIS FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG BERKONTRIBUSI TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA KELOMPOK LANSIA DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KALIJUDAN KOTA SURABAYA

Abstrak

The increasing percentage of the elderly population in Indonesia, which reflects the global “ageing population” trend, poses a crucial public health challenge. The associated physiological changes inherently position individuals aged ≥ 60 years at high risk for developing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), among which hypertension is prominent. The prevalence of hypertension within this age group remains a significant public health issue, influenced by the complex interaction of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. This study was conducted to identify the primary determining factor among several variables potentially associated with hypertension incidence, including age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI)/obesity, smoking habits, physical activity, and salt consumption, specifically within the elderly population in the working area of Kalijudan Community Health Center, Surabaya City. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the research involved 100 respondents. Data collection combined structured interviews, a modified questionnaire, and objective measurements (blood pressure, height, and weight). Chi-Square analysis was initially performed for bivariate assessment of associations, followed by binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis to ascertain the most influential determining factor (with a significance level set at α = 0.05). The findings revealed that salt consumption exhibited a statistically significant association with hypertension incidence (p = 0.011; OR = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.125–0.780). Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed salt consumption as the most dominant factor (p = 0.013). The interpretation suggests that elderly individuals with high salt intake demonstrated a greater tendency to experience hypertension compared to those consuming lower amounts of salt. Based on these findings, excessive salt consumption is concluded to be the primary independent determining factor contributing to the incidence of hypertension among the elderly in the Kalijudan Community Health Center area.