HUBUNGAN ANTARA DEPRESI DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN LANSIA HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS KALIJUDAN, KOTA SURABAYA

Abstrak

Proses penuaan menimbulkan perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis yang dapat menurunkan fungsional tubuh, termasuk sistem saraf pusat. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang sering dialami lansia dan berpotensi memperburuk kondisi mental, seperti depresi, yang dapat memengaruhi fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mengidentifikasi korelasi antara tingkat depresi dan fungsi kognitif pada pasien lansia hipertensi di Puskesmas Kalijudan Kota Surabaya. Penelitian analitik observasional ini menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang dengan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 95 lansia hipertensi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) dan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pengujian Chi-Square membuktikan depresi berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif (p=0,003), secara signifikan. Mayoritas responden tidak mengidap depresi (76,8%) dan memiliki fungsi kognitif normal (65,3%). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat depresi menentukan tingkat risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia hipertensi. Kesimpulannya, kondisi psikologis memiliki peran penting terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia hipertensi, sehingga perlu perhatian lebih dalam upaya promotif dan preventif di layanan kesehatan primer.

The aging process causes physiological and psychological changes that may reduce body functions, including those of the central nervous system. Hypertension is a chronic disease commonly experienced by the elderly and has the potential to worsen mental conditions such as depression, which in turn can affect cognitive function. The aims of this study was to analysis the correlation between depression levels and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients at the Kalijudan Community Health Center in Surabaya. This observational analytical study used a cross-sectional approach with purposive sampling of 95 elderly hypertensive patients. The instruments used were the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaires. The Chi-Square test proved that depression is significantly associated with cognitive function (p=0.003). The respondents were mostly not depressed (76.8%) and had normal cognitive function (65.3%). These results showed that depression levels determine the risk of cognitive decline in elderly people with hypertension. In conclusion, psychological conditions play an crucial role in the cognitive function of elderly people with hypertension, so more attention is needed in promotive and preventive efforts in primary health care services.