ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI PUSKESMAS SURI SINA

Abstrak

Stunting pada anak usia dini masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia dalam jangka panjang. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh kekurangan gizi kronis terutama pada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya stunting pada anak usia dini di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Suri Sina, Kelurahan Faobata. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas satu orang tua anak stunting, satu petugas gizi, dan satu kader posyandu sebagai informan kunci. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stunting dipengaruhi oleh faktor multidimensional, meliputi asupan gizi yang kurang bervariasi, keterbatasan pengetahuan orang tua tentang gizi seimbang, kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga yang rendah, serta sanitasi dan kebersihan lingkungan yang belum memadai. Meskipun terdapat kesadaran orang tua mengenai pentingnya gizi bagi anak, keterbatasan ekonomi dan kurangnya penerapan pola makan seimbang menjadi hambatan utama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pencegahan stunting memerlukan upaya terpadu melalui edukasi gizi, penguatan layanan posyandu, peningkatan partisipasi orang tua, serta perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan guna mendukung pertumbuhan anak secara optimal dan berkelanjutan.

Stunting in early childhood remains a significant public health problem that affects the quality of human resources in the long term. This condition is mainly caused by chronic malnutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, which is a critical period for child growth and development. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing stunting among early childhood in the working area of Suri Sina Public Health Center, Faobata Village. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving one parent of a stunted child, one nutrition officer, and one community health volunteer as key informants. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that stunting is influenced by multidimensional factors, including inadequate and less varied nutritional intake, limited parental knowledge of balanced nutrition, low socioeconomic conditions, and inadequate sanitation and environmental hygiene. Although parents are aware of the importance of proper nutrition for child growth, economic constraints and limited implementation of balanced feeding practices remain major barriers. The study concludes that stunting prevention requires integrated efforts through nutrition education, strengthening community health services, increasing parental participation, and improving environmental sanitation to support optimal and sustainable child development.