KAJIAN NORMATIF PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERBATASAN TERHADAP PELINTAS BATAS ILEGAL DI PLBN MOTAMASIN, KABUPATEN MALAKA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis penegakan hukum perbatasan terhadap pelintas batas ilegal di PLBN Motamasin, Kabupaten Malaka, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Kajian ini menyoroti pengaturan hukum perbatasan yang bertumpu pada Pasal 25A UUD NRI 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 2008 tentang Wilayah Negara, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif pengaturan hukum perbatasan telah cukup lengkap, namun masih terdapat kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik di lapangan. Hambatan utama yang ditemukan meliputi banyaknya jalur tidak resmi atau jalur tikus, kondisi geografis yang sulit, lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, serta belum optimalnya pengaturan terhadap praktik lintas batas tradisional berbasis adat. Upaya penguatan penegakan hukum dilakukan melalui tindakan administratif keimigrasian, patroli gabungan, pengawasan preventif, penguatan TIMPORA, dan kerja sama bilateral Indonesia–Timor Leste melalui forum JBC. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan penegakan hukum perbatasan tidak hanya membutuhkan pendekatan represif, tetapi juga koordinasi kelembagaan dan penguatan aspek sosial masyarakat perbatasan.

This study analyzes border law enforcement against illegal border crossers at the Motamasin Cross-Border Post (PLBN) in Malaka Regency using a normative legal research method. The study examines the legal framework governing border management, which is based on Article 25A of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 43 of 2008 on State Territory, Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, and Government Regulation No. 31 of 2013. The findings show that the legal framework is normatively comprehensive, yet a gap remains between legal norms and their implementation in practice. The main obstacles include numerous unofficial routes or “rat paths,” difficult geographical conditions, weak inter-agency coordination, low legal awareness among local communities, and insufficient regulation for traditional cross-border practices rooted in local customs. Strengthening enforcement efforts are carried out through immigration administrative measures, joint patrols, preventive supervision, enhanced coordination through TIMPORA, and bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Timor-Leste through the Joint Border Committee (JBC). The study concludes that border law enforcement at PLBN Motamasin requires not only repressive measures but also institutional coordination and socio-cultural strengthening in border communities.