IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP CHECKS AND BALANCES DALAM SISTEM KETATAEGARAAN INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas implementasi prinsip checks and balances dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah amandemen UUD 1945. Sebelum amandemen, kekuasaan Presiden sangat dominan (executive heavy) sehingga mekanisme pengawasan antar lembaga negara belum berjalan efektif. Setelah amandemen, sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia menerapkan pembagian kekuasaan yang lebih seimbang antara legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif melalui mekanisme saling mengawasi dan mengimbangi. Prinsip ini terlihat dalam pembentukan undang-undang, pengawasan DPR, pembatasan kewenangan Presiden, serta kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam judicial review. Dengan demikian, checks and balances memperkuat demokrasi dan mencegah penyalahgunaan kekuasaan di Indonesia.

This study examines the implementation of the checks and balances principle in Indonesia’s constitutional system before and after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Prior to the amendments, presidential power was highly dominant (executive heavy), resulting in weak oversight among state institutions. After the amendments, Indonesia adopted a more balanced distribution of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches through mutual control and oversight mechanisms. This principle is reflected in law-making processes, parliamentary supervision, limitations on presidential authority, and the Constitutional Court’s power of judicial review. Thus, checks and balances strengthens democracy and prevents abuse of power in Indonesia.