EKSISTENSI BERTINGGAL DALAM KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR DI RUMAH TRADISIONAL ACEH

Abstrak

Rumoh Aceh merupakan arsitektur tradisional Nusantara yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal, nilai budaya, serta ajaran keislaman yang kuat dalam kehidupan masyarakat Aceh. Namun, arus modernisasi dan perubahan gaya hidup menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya Rumoh Aceh yang difungsikan sebagai hunian, khususnya di Aceh Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keberlanjutan bermukim masyarakat pada Rumoh Aceh serta memahami makna arsitektural, sosial, dan spiritual yang masih dipertahankan di tengah berbagai bentuk transformasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada Rumoh Aceh yang masih dihuni di Kecamatan Paya Bakong, Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi bermukim dalam Rumoh Aceh dapat dipahami melalui kerangka The Fourfold Martin Heidegger, yang meliputi hubungan dengan bumi (earth), langit (sky), manusia (mortals), serta nilai religius dan spiritual (divinities). Tata ruang Rumoh Aceh mendukung pertumbuhan fisik, mental, dan sosial penghuni, memperkuat interaksi keluarga dan lingkungan, serta mencerminkan hubungan harmonis dengan alam. Nilai religius tetap terjaga melalui orientasi bangunan ke arah kiblat dan fungsi ruang sebagai pusat aktivitas spiritual, meskipun beberapa elemen fisik seperti ukiran mengalami pengurangan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Rumoh Aceh tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal, tetapi juga sebagai simbol identitas budaya dan spiritual masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pelestarian yang adaptif dan berkelanjutan agar Rumoh Aceh tetap relevan sebagai hunian sekaligus warisan budaya di tengah perkembangan zaman.

Rumoh Aceh is a form of traditional Nusantara architecture that represents local wisdom, cultural values, and strong Islamic principles within Acehnese society. However, modernization and changes in lifestyle have led to a decline in the use of Rumoh Aceh as a primary dwelling, particularly in North Aceh. This study aims to examine the continuity of inhabitation in Rumoh Aceh and to understand the architectural, social, and spiritual meanings that are still maintained amid various transformations. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed, focusing on inhabited Rumoh Aceh in Paya Bakong District, North Aceh Regency. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that the existence of inhabitation in Rumoh Aceh can be interpreted through Martin Heidegger’s The Fourfold framework, which encompasses the relationship with the earth, the sky, mortals, and divinities. The spatial organization of Rumoh Aceh supports the physical, mental, and social development of its inhabitants, strengthens family and community interactions, and reflects a harmonious relationship with nature. Religious values remain preserved through the building’s orientation toward the qibla and the use of space as a center for spiritual activities, although certain physical elements such as decorative carvings have diminished. This study confirms that Rumoh Aceh functions not only as a dwelling but also as a symbol of cultural and spiritual identity. Therefore, adaptive and sustainable preservation strategies are essential to ensure that Rumoh Aceh remains relevant as a living space as well as a cultural heritage amid contemporary development.