PERAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DALAM MEMBENTUK BUDAYA HUKUM

Abstrak

Kesadaran hukum masyarakat Indonesia masih rendah, ditandai tingginya pelanggaran aturan ringan seperti lalu lintas, pembuangan sampah sembarangan, dan ketidakpatuhan administratif yang mencapai jutaan kasus per tahun, diperparah pengaruh globalisasi dan disrupsi digital yang melemahkan internalisasi norma hukum. Budaya hukum sulit terbentuk secara organik karena faktor struktural seperti warisan feodal, inkonsistensi penegakan hukum, dan dominasi budaya instan media sosial, sehingga memerlukan intervensi pendidikan formal untuk mentransformasi norma menjadi perilaku sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran strategis Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) dalam membentuk budaya hukum melalui kontribusi kurikulum dan nilai-nilai konstitusi terhadap karakter sadar hukum. Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka atau library research, menggunakan sumber data sekunder dari 18 jurnal ilmiah, 2 buku teks, regulasi seperti UU No. 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, dan artikel terkait periode 2021-2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PKn berfungsi sebagai instrumen sosialisasi hukum utama berdasarkan teori Lawrence M. Friedman, di mana budaya hukum sebagai pilar ketiga sistem hukum (selain substansi dan struktur) dibentuk melalui civic virtue, internalisasi nilai konstitusi seperti hak-kewajiban dan Pancasila, serta adaptasi literasi hukum digital melawan hoaks dan etika berinternet. PKn efektif mengubah pola pikir apatis menjadi apresiasi sukarela terhadap hukum via simulasi pengadilan, proyek masyarakat, dan diskusi etika, meski tantangan era digital menuntut inovasi metode. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan PKn sebagai fondasi menciptakan masyarakat sadar hukum atau legal aware society melalui jalur formal yang berkelanjutan, dengan saran pendidik beralih ke pembelajaran aplikatif seperti studi kasus dan kolaborasi lintas sektor untuk optimalisasi dampak jangka panjang menuju Indonesia hukum maju 2045.

Legal awareness in Indonesian society remains low, marked by high rates of minor rule violations such as traffic infractions, littering, and administrative non-compliance reaching millions of cases annually, exacerbated by globalization and digital disruption weakening the internalization of legal norms. Legal culture struggles to form organically due to structural factors like feudal legacies, inconsistent law enforcement, and the dominance of instant social media culture, necessitating formal education interventions to transform norms into daily behaviors. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Civic Education (PKn) in shaping legal culture through the contributions of its curriculum and constitutional values to fostering legal awareness character. The research method is qualitative with a library research approach, using secondary data sources from 18 scientific journals, 2 textbooks, regulations such as Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and related articles from 2021-2026. Analysis techniques include content analysis and thematic data reduction to identify patterns, classify, and interpret literature. Research findings indicate that PKn serves as the primary instrument for legal socialization based on Lawrence M. Friedman's theory, where legal culture as the third pillar of the legal system (besides substance and structure) is shaped through civic virtue, internalization of constitutional values like rights-obligations and Pancasila, and adaptation of digital legal literacy against hoaxes and internet ethics. PKn effectively shifts apathetic mindsets to voluntary appreciation of law via courtroom simulations, community projects, and ethical discussions, though digital era challenges demand methodological innovations. The research concludes that PKn is the foundational element in creating a legal aware society through sustainable formal channels, with recommendations for educators to shift to applicative learning methods like case studies and cross-sector collaborations to optimize long-term impacts toward an advanced rule-of-law Indonesia by 2045.