EFEKTIVITAS POSYANDU VIRGO 16 SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI DESA WARINGINJAYA KABUPATEN BEKASI

Abstrak

Stunting masih menjadi tantangan gizi yang serius di Indonesia, termasuk di wilayah pedesaan Kabupaten Bekasi yang berada di tengah kawasan industri besar. Posyandu, sebagai salah satu Upaya Kesehatan Bersumberdaya Masyarakat, tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat pelayanan kesehatan dasar, tetapi juga berpotensi menjadi sarana pendidikan nonformal bagi masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas Posyandu Virgo 16 sebagai sarana pendidikan dalam upaya pencegahan stunting di Desa Waringinjaya, Kabupaten Bekasi, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuh informan yang dipilih secara purposive, terdiri atas tiga kader Posyandu, tiga ibu balita, dan satu bidan desa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña (reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan), dengan keabsahan data diperiksa melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Efektivitas dianalisis menggunakan tiga indikator efektivitas Richard M. Steers, yaitu pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, dan adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Posyandu Virgo 16 telah berfungsi secara efektif sebagai sarana pendidikan masyarakat dalam pencegahan stunting, yang ditunjukkan melalui tercapainya tujuan edukasi kesehatan, komunikasi dan koordinasi yang berjalan baik antara kader, bidan, dan masyarakat, serta kemampuan Posyandu menyesuaikan materi dan metode penyuluhan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Efektivitas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal berupa kemampuan kader dan faktor eksternal berupa partisipasi masyarakat, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, serta dukungan lingkungan sosial. Meskipun demikian, partisipasi sebagian masyarakat dan kelengkapan sarana masih perlu ditingkatkan agar fungsi edukatif Posyandu dapat berjalan lebih optimal.

Stunting remains a serious nutritional challenge in Indonesia, including in the rural areas of Bekasi Regency, which lies within a major industrial zone. Posyandu, as a community-based health effort, functions not only as a basic health service point but also has the potential to serve as a nonformal education venue for the community in stunting prevention efforts. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of Posyandu Virgo 16 as an educational venue for stunting prevention in Waringinjaya Village, Bekasi Regency, and to identify the factors influencing it. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving seven purposively selected informants: three Posyandu cadres, three mothers of toddlers, and one village midwife. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing), with data validity verified through source and technique triangulation. Effectiveness was analyzed using Richard M. Steers' three effectiveness indicators: goal attainment, integration, and adaptation. The findings show that Posyandu Virgo 16 has functioned effectively as a community education venue for stunting prevention, as reflected in the achievement of health education goals, well-established communication and coordination among cadres, the midwife, and the community, and the Posyandu's ability to adapt its materials and counseling methods to community needs. This effectiveness is influenced by an internal factor, namely cadre capability, and external factors, namely community participation, availability of facilities, and social environment support. Nevertheless, community participation and facility completeness still require improvement so that the Posyandu's educational function can operate more optimally.