ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU MAKAN SESUAI PEDOMAN GIZI SEIMBANG PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR PREMARITAL DI KOTA SEMARANG

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Perilaku makan menurut pedoman gizi seimbang adalah tindakan seseorang atau kelompok dalam memilih makanan untuk dikonsumsi, yang mempunyai kandungan zat gizi dalam jenis maupun jumlah yang tepat untuk kebutuhan tubuh. Beberapa faktor bisa memengaruhi perilaku makan seseorang. Seperti halnya faktor yang bisa memengaruhi perlaku makan berdasarkan teori Lawrence Green adalah pengetahuan, sikap, pendapatan, ketahanan pangan, ketersediaan transportasi, peran teman dan peran keluarga.  Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisa beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku makan sesuai pedoman gizi seimbang pada wanita usia subur premarital di Kota Semarang. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan cross sectional, serta responden dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 160 wanita usia subur premarital dengan teknik pengambilan sampel  proportionate non random sampling yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Alat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner perilaku makan, pengetahuan, ketahan pangan, peran teman dan peran keluarga yang sebelumnya sudah dijalankan uji reliabilitas serta validitas. Analisis data mempergunakan uji Kruskal wallis dan Spearman rho. Hasil: Adanya hubungan dari ketahanan pangan kepada perilaku makan dengan p-value 0,019 serta ada pula hubungan ketersediaan transportasi kepada perilaku makan dengan p-value yaitu 0,000 pada wanita usia subur premarital di Kota Semarang. Rerata nilai perilaku makan didapatkan hasil sebesar 45,375±7,19 dengan nilai minimal 29,00 dan nilai maximal 64,00. Ketahanan pangan yang masuk kategori food secure sebanyak 94 responden dan hasil ketersediaan transportasi  mayoritas responden sudah cukup sebanyak 153 responden. Namun, untuk pengetahuan, sikap, pendapatan, peran teman dan peran keluarga tidak terdapat hubungan dengan perilaku makan pada wanita usia subur premarital di Kota Semarang. Kesimpulan: Perilaku makan dipengaruhi oleh ketahanan pangan dan ketersediaan transportasi. Namun perilaku makan tidak dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap, pendapatan, peran teman dan peran keluarga.

Background: : Eating behavior according to balanced nutrition guidelines is the action of a person or group in choosing food to consume, which contains nutrients in types and amounts that are in accordance with the body's needs. Eating behavior can be influenced by several factors. Several factors that can influence eating behavior based on Lawrence Green's theory are knowledge, attitude, income, food security, availability of transportation, the role of friends and the role of family. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence eating behavior according to balanced nutrition guidelines in premarital women of childbearing age in Semarang City. Method: This type of research is a quantitative method through a cross-sectional approach, and the respondents in this study were 160 premarital women of childbearing age with a proportionate non-random sampling technique who had met the research inclusion criteria. The tools in this study used eating behavior questionnaires, knowledge questionnaires, attitude questionnaires, food security questionnaires, friend role questionnaires and family role questionnaires. The normality test of this study used Kolmogorov-Smirnov which was then carried out bivariate analysis using the Kruskal Wallis and Spearman rho tests. Result: There is a relationship between food security and eating behavior with a p-value of 0.019 and there is also a relationship between the availability of transportation and eating behavior with a p-value of 0.000 in premarital women of childbearing age in Semarang City. The average value of eating behavior obtained results of 45.375 ± 7.19 with a minimum value of 29.00 and a maximum value of 64.00. Food security that is categorized as food secure is 94 respondents and the results of the availability of transportation for the majority of respondents are sufficient as many as 153 respondents. However, for knowledge, attitudes, income, role of friends and role of family there is no relationship with eating behavior in premarital fertile women in Semarang City. Conclusion: Eating behavior is influenced by food security and transportation availability. However, eating behavior is not influenced by knowledge, attitude, income, role of friends and role of family. Eating behavior is influenced by food security and transportation availability. However, eating behavior is not influenced by knowledge, attitude, income, role of friends and role of family.