ANALISIS KESIAPAN SARANA, PRASARANA DAN SDM RUMAH SAKIT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN RUMAH SAKIT AMAN BENCANA DI RSUD DOLOKSANGGUL TAHUN 2026

Abstrak

Indonesia memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap ancaman bencana multi-dimensi. Sebagai fasilitas kritis, rumah sakit dituntut memiliki resiliensi dan kapabilitas keberlangsungan operasional dalam situasi krisis tanpa mengalami disfungsi. RSUD Doloksanggul, yang berada di topografi perbukitan rawan longsor dan gempa, memiliki kewajiban untuk mempertahankan otonomi fungsionalnya saat jalur transportasi dan logistik terputus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapan sarana, prasarana, dan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam mewujudkan Rumah Sakit Aman Bencana di RSUD Doloksanggul Tahun 2026. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Lokasi penelitian di RSUD Doloksanggul Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan dari bulan Januari 2026 sampai dengan selesai. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan 5 orang kunci yang terdiri dari Kepala Bidang Sarana Prasarana dan Penunjang, Kepala IGD, Perawat IGD, Kepala Farmasi, dan Teknisi RS. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), observasi lapangan, dan telaah dokumen. Keabsahan data dipastikan melalui triangulasi metode dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan meskipun sarana prasarana dan SDM telah tersedia, terdapat gap antara kondisi ideal RSAB dan kondisi nyata dilapangan. Beberapa fasilitas pendukung seperti rambu evakuasi, sistem komunikasi darurat, instalasi alat deteksi dini seperti heat detector dan smoke detector, system pemadam kebakaran (hydrant dan system sprinkler), sarana evakuasi, emergensi kit, dan bed pasien untuk korban massal masih perlu ditingkatkan, gedung lama juga memerlukan asesmen struktural tahan gempa, penambahan ruang IGD dan penambahan ruang logistik. Pada aspek SDM, staf memahami prosedur dasar penanggulangan bencana, tetapi pemahaman ini cenderung bersifat teoritis akibat kurangnya pelatihan HDP, kegawatdaruratan (BTCLS/ATLS/ACLS) dan simulasi riil (terakhir dilakukan 3 tahun lalu). Faktor utama penyebab ketidaksiapan adalah keterbatasan sarana prasarana, kesiapan SDM yang belum merata, dan implementasi Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) yang belum sepenuhnya konsisten. Selain itu, alokasi anggaran khusus bencana masih bergantung pada birokrasi pemerintah daerah. Secara umum, RSUD Doloksanggul telah memiliki sistem dasar penanganan kedaruratan, namun belum optimal dalam memenuhi kriteria komprehensif Rumah Sakit Aman Bencana. Penelitian ini merekomendasikanadanya master plan mitigasi bencana, menyediakan anggaran khusus bencana, Pelatihan dan simulasi bencana rutin, dan mplementasi HDP rutin.

Indonesia has a high vulnerability to multidimensional disaster threats. As a critical facility, hospitals are required to demonstrate resilience and maintain operational continuity during crisis situations without experiencing dysfunction RSUD Doloksanggul, located in a hilly area prone to landslides and earthquakes, has the obligation to sustain its functional autonomy when transportation and logistics routes are disrupted. This study aims to analyze the readiness of infrastructure, facilities, and human resources in realizing a Disaster Resilient Hospital at RSUD Doloksanggul in 2026. This study employed a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted at RSUD Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, from January 2026 onward. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, involving five key participants: the Head of Infrastructure and Supporting Services, the Head of Emergency Department, an Emergency Department nurse, the Head of Pharmacy, and a hospital technician. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document review. Data validity was ensured through method and source triangulation. The results indicate that although infrastructure and human resources are available, there is a gap between the ideal standards of a Disaster-Resilient Hospital and actual conditions in the field. Several supporting facilities, such as evacuation signage, emergency communication systems, early detection systems (heat and smoke detectors), fire protection systems (hydrants and sprinklers), evacuation facilities, emergency kits, and patient beds for mass casualties, still require improvement. Older buildings also need structural assessments for earthquake resistance, as well as expansion of the emergency department and logistics space. In terms of human resources, staff generally understand basic disaster management procedures; however, this knowledge tends to remain theoretical due to the lack of Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) training, emergency training (BTCLS/ATLS/ACLS), and real simulations, which were last conducted three years ago. The main factors contributing to unpreparedness include limited infrastructure, uneven human resource readiness, and inconsistent implementation of the Hospital Disaster Plan. Additionally, disaster-specific budget allocation still depends on local government bureaucracy. In general, RSUD Doloksanggul has established a basic emergency response system; however, it has not yet fully met the comprehensive criteria of a Disaster-Resilient Hospital. This study recommends the development of a disaster mitigation master plan, the provision of dedicated disaster budgets, regular disaster training and simulations, and consistent implementation of the Hospital Disaster Plan.