PENGARUH ID, EGO, SUPEREGO DALAM PRAKTIK KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL TERHADAP FENOMENA OVERSHARING DI MEDIA SOSIAL

Abstrak

Fenomena oversharing di media sosial semakin meningkat seiring berkembangnya budaya digital yang menekankan keterbukaan dan ekspresi diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan mengobservasi pengaruh struktur kepribadian Freud Id, Ego, dan Superego dalam membentuk perilaku oversharing pada pengguna media sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur terhadap publikasi tahun 2022-2025 yang membahas perilaku digital, identitas online, dan dinamika psikologis pengguna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Id mendorong impulsivitas untuk mendapatkan validasi instan melalui likes dan komentar (Alpiah et al., 2024), Ego berperan menegosiasikan dorongan internal dengan tuntutan realitas digital namun sering melemah akibat minimnya kontrol sosial, dan Superego berfungsi sebagai pengendali moral tetapi cenderung muncul setelah tindakan terjadi. Interaksi tidak seimbang antara ketiga struktur tersebut, diperkuat oleh tekanan budaya seperti FoMO dan normalisasi keterbukaan, menjadi pemicu utama munculnya oversharing. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan literasi privasi dan kesadaran etis dalam penggunaan media sosial agar individu mampu menjaga batas privasi secara lebih adaptif.

The phenomenon of oversharing on social media is increasing along with the development of a digital culture that emphasizes openness and self-expression. This study aims to describe and observe the influence of Freud's personality structure of Id, Ego, and Superego in shaping oversharing behavior among social media users. The method used is descriptive qualitative through a literature study of publications from 2022-2025 that discuss digital behavior, online identity, and the psychological dynamics of users. The results show that the Id drives impulsivity to obtain instant validation through likes and comments (Alpiah et al., 2024), the Ego plays a role in negotiating internal drives with the demands of digital reality but often weakens due to a lack of social control, and the Superego functions as a moral controller but tends to emerge after the action has taken place. The unbalanced interaction between these three structures, reinforced by cultural pressures such as FoMO and the normalization of openness, is the main trigger for oversharing. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening privacy literacy and ethical awareness in social media use so that individuals can maintain their privacy boundaries more adaptively.