STUDI EVALUASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) 17 KWP PADA GEDUNG PLTD SERA

Abstrak

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia mendorong pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) sebagai salah satu sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja PLTS atap berkapasitas 17,04 kWp di ULPLTD Sei Raya berdasarkan standar IEC 61724-1 serta menganalisis kelayakan investasinya menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), dan Discounted Payback Period (DPP). Data penelitian meliputi produksi energi listrik, lama penyinaran matahari, spesifikasi sistem, serta biaya investasi dan operasional. Data lama penyinaran matahari diolah menggunakan metode Angstrom-Prescott dengan radiasi ekstraterestrial 36 MJ/m²/hari dan lama penyinaran maksimum 12 jam untuk memperoleh nilai Reference Yield (YR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata YR 4,85 kWh/kWp/hari pada bulan Mei dan 5,83 kWh/kWp/hari pada bulan Juni, Final Yield (YF) sebesar 3,56 kWh/kWp/hari, dan Performance Ratio (PR) yang menunjukkan sistem bekerja dengan baik sesuai standar IEC 61724-1. Analisis ekonomi menghasilkan sebesar Rp160.386.354 PI sebesar 2,06, dan DPP selama 9 tahun, sehingga investasi PLTS dinyatakan layak karena memenuhi kriteria NPV > 0, PI > 1, dan DPP lebih kecil dari umur proyek 30 tahun.

The increasing demand for electrical energy in Indonesia has encouraged the utilization of Solar Power Plants (SPP) as one of the renewable energy sources. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a 17.04 kWp rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system at ULPLTD Sei Raya based on the IEC 61724-1 standard and to assess its investment feasibility using the Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP) methods. The research data include electrical energy production, sunshine duration, PV system specifications, and investment and operational costs. Sunshine duration data were processed using the Angstrom–Prescott method with an extraterrestrial solar radiation value of 36 MJ/m²/day and a maximum sunshine duration of 12 hours to obtain the Reference Yield (YR). The results show that the average Reference Yield (YR) was 4.85 kWh/kWp/day in May and 5.83 kWh/kWp/day in June, while the average Final Yield (YF) was 3.56 kWh/kWp/day. The Performance Ratio (PR) indicates that the PV system operates satisfactorily in accordance with the IEC 61724-1 standard. The economic analysis resulted in a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp160,386,354, a Profitability Index (PI) of 2.06, and a Discounted Payback Period (DPP) of 9 years. Therefore, the rooftop PV system investment is considered feasible as it satisfies the investment criteria of NPV > 0, PI > 1, and DPP shorter than the 30-year project lifetime.