ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA PIDANA BERDASARKAN PERMA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2024 DI PENGADILAN NEGERI KUPANG

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi restorative justice berdasarkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif dalam penanganan perkara pidana di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang, serta mengidentifikasi upaya optimalisasi penerapannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan hakim dan aparatur pengadilan, observasi proses persidangan, serta studi dokumen perkara yang memenuhi kriteria keadilan restoratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi restorative justice telah diterapkan pada perkara pidana ringan dengan ancaman pidana maksimal lima tahun, berdasarkan kesukarelaan korban dan pelaku, serta bukan merupakan tindak pidana pengulangan. Mekanisme pelaksanaan meliputi penilaian kelayakan perkara, fasilitasi mediasi penal oleh hakim, pembuatan kesepakatan perdamaian tertulis, dan penetapan penghentian pemeriksaan perkara. Tingkat keberhasilan penyelesaian melalui mekanisme ini mencapai 75% dengan waktu penyelesaian yang lebih singkat dibanding proses litigasi biasa. Upaya optimalisasi dilakukan melalui sosialisasi internal, koordinasi lintas lembaga, pendekatan komunikasi humanis, serta pemantauan pelaksanaan kesepakatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan keadilan restoratif di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang telah berjalan sesuai pedoman normatif dan berkontribusi pada penyelesaian perkara yang lebih cepat, partisipatif, dan berorientasi pada pemulihan.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Criminal Cases Based on Restorative Justice at the Kupang District Court, as well as to identify efforts to optimize its application. The research employs an empirical legal method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with judges and court officials, observation of court proceedings, and analysis of case documents that met the criteria for restorative justice. The findings indicate that restorative justice has been applied to minor criminal offenses punishable by a maximum imprisonment of five years, based on the voluntary agreement of both the victim and the offender and provided that the offender is not a recidivist. The implementation mechanism includes assessing case eligibility, facilitating penal mediation by the judge, drafting a written peace agreement, and issuing a judicial determination to terminate the case examination. The success rate of case resolution through this mechanism reached 75%, with a significantly shorter resolution time compared to conventional litigation processes. Optimization efforts include internal dissemination of the regulation, inter-agency coordination, a humanistic communication approach during mediation, and monitoring the execution of settlement agreements. This study concludes that the implementation of restorative justice at the Kupang District Court has been carried out in accordance with normative guidelines and contributes to a more efficient, participatory, and recovery-oriented criminal justice process.