STRATEGI GURU PPKn DALAM MEMBINA SIKAP TOLERANSI PERAYAAN HARI RAYA UMAT BERAGAMA DI SMA NEGERI 13 SAMARINDA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan strategi guru PPKn dalam membina sikap toleransi siswa terhadap perayaan hari raya umat beragama di SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda. Latar belakang penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberagaman agama di sekolah perlu diimbangi dengan pelatihan sikap toleransi, karena masih ditemukan gejala-gejala intoleransi ringan seperti kurang terbukanya interaksi antar siswa yang berbeda agama, kandaan yang kurang pantas, serta belum sepenuhnya terinternalisasinya nilai toleransi dalam perilaku sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas dua guru PPKn dan empat siswa yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru PPKn membina sikap toleransi melalui pendekatan kontekstual dan humanis, model diskusi kelompok dan Problem Based Learning, metode ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, serta studi kasus, dan teknik pelatihan berupa keteladanan, pembiasaan, pemberian nasihat, diskusi terbuka, dan penguatan perilaku positif. Selain itu, sekolah juga mendukung pelatihan toleransi melalui kegiatan keagamaan seperti tadarus Al-Qur'an, pembacaan Alkitab, perayaan Maulid Nabi, dan perayaan Paskah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi guru PPKn dan dukungan sekolah berperan penting dalam membina sikap toleransi siswa terhadap perayaan hari raya umat beragama di SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda.

This study aims to describe the strategies used by PPKn teachers in fostering students’ tolerance toward the celebration of religious holidays at SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda. The background of this study indicates that religious diversity in schools needs to be accompanied by tolerance education, because minor signs of intolerance are still found, such as limited interaction among students of different religions, inappropriate jokes, and the incomplete internalization of tolerance values in daily behavior.This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants consisted of two PPKn teachers and four students selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.The results show that PPKn teachers foster tolerance through contextual and humanistic approaches, group discussion and Problem-Based Learning models, lecture, discussion, question-and-answer, and case study methods, as well as instructional techniques in the form of role modeling, habituation, advice, open discussion, and reinforcement of positive behavior. In addition, the school also supports tolerance education through religious activities such as Qur’an recitation, Bible reading, the commemoration of the Prophet’s birthday, and Easter celebrations. The conclusion of this study is that the strategies of PPKn teachers and the support of the school play an important role in fostering students’ tolerance toward the celebration of religious holidays at SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda.