PERAN INTELIJEN DALAM PENGAWASAN ORANG ASING: ANALISIS YURIDIS DAN IMPLIKASI TERHADAP HAK ASASI MANUSIA

Abstrak

Globalisasi dan kemajuan teknologi transportasi telah meningkatkan mobilitas orang asing ke berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Kondisi ini tidak hanya memberikan manfaat, tetapi juga berpotensi menghadirkan ancaman keamanan, seperti terorisme, perdagangan orang, dan spionase. pengawasan orang asing menjadi penting, di mana peran intelijen keimigrasian menempati posisi strategis sebagai instrumen deteksi dini ancaman non-militer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan dan dasar hukum peran intelijen dalam pengawasan orang asing serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa intelijen keimigrasian memiliki legitimasi hukum yang jelas dalam kerangka Undang-Undang Keimigrasian dan Undang-Undang Intelijen Negara. Namun, penerapan intelijen menimbulkan implikasi yuridis, terutama terkait potensi pelanggaran hak privasi, prinsip non-diskriminasi, dan asas due process of law. Indonesia memerlukan regulasi yang lebih komprehensif serta mekanisme pengawasan yang transparan untuk memastikan keseimbangan antara kepentingan keamanan nasional dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia.

Globalization and advances in transportation technology have significantly increased the mobility of foreign nationals across borders, including into Indonesia. While such mobility generates positive impacts such as cultural exchange and economic growth, it also brings potential threats to national security, including terrorism, human trafficking, narcotics smuggling, and espionage. For this reason, foreigner surveillance has become essential, with immigration intelligence playing a strategic role as an instrument of early detection against non-military threats. This study aims to analyze the legal position and basis of immigration intelligence in foreigner surveillance as well as its implications for human rights protection. Employing a normative legal research method, this study finds that immigration intelligence has clear legal legitimacy within the framework of the Immigration Law and the State Intelligence Law. However, its implementation also creates juridical implications, particularly regarding potential violations of privacy rights, non-discrimination principles, and due process of law. Therefore, more comprehensive regulation and transparent oversight mechanisms are required to ensure a balance between national security interests and the protection of human rights.