IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE II TERHADAP EKSPOR KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA PASCA PUTUSAN DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

Abstrak

Kebijakan Renewable Energy Directive II yang diterapkan oleh Uni Eropa dinilai memiliki implikasi yang serius dimana mempersulit ekspor minyak kelapa sawit yang merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia di pasar Eropa dan menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan adanya praktik diskriminatif dalam perdagangan internasional terutama berkaitan dengan prinsip-prinsip non-diskriminasi dalam GATT 1994. Dengan adanya kekhawatiran ini, Indonesia melakukan upaya penyelesaian sengketa melalui mekanisme Dispute Settlement Body World Trade Organization. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji prinsip-prinsip hukum perdagangan internasional yang berlaku dalam penyelesaian sengketa antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa. Melalui pendekatan ini, penelitian menelaah sejauh mana kebijakan RED II dan peraturan turunannya dapat dinilai melanggar kewajiban hukum perdagangan internasional. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti upaya Indonesia dalam menempuh penyelesaian sengketa melalui forum WTO sebagai langkah hukum yang sah untuk melindungi kepentingan ekspor nasional terhadap tindakan yang dinilai diskriminatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan RED II Uni Eropa berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor kelapa sawit Indonesia, berupa penurunan volume ekspor, hambatan teknis perdagangan, dan ketegangan diplomatik. Panel WTO dalam perkara WT/DS593 menyatakan bahwa sebagian klaim Indonesia terbukti, khususnya terkait pelanggaran prinsip nondiskriminasi, meskipun sebagian klaim lainnya ditolak. Uni Eropa diberi tenggat waktu untuk menyesuaikan kebijakannya, sedangkan Indonesia perlu melakukan pengawasan terhadap implementasi putusan WTO, memperkuat ISPO, dan memperluas kerja sama internasional. Dengan demikian, sengketa ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi yang menyeimbangkan kepentingan ekonomi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan guna memperkuat daya saing sawit Indonesia di pasar global.

The Renewable Energy Directive II policy implemented by the European Union is considered to have serious implications, making it difficult to export palm oil, which is Indonesia's leading commodity in the European market, and raising concerns about discriminatory practices in international trade, particularly in relation to the principles of non-discrimination in GATT 1994. In light of these concerns, Indonesia has sought to resolve the dispute through the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body mechanism. This study uses a normative method with a literature review approach, aiming to examine the principles of international trade law applicable in the resolution of disputes between Indonesia and the European Union. Through this approach, the study examines the extent to which the RED II policy and its derivative regulations can be considered to violate international trade law obligations. In addition, this study also highlights Indonesia's efforts to resolve disputes through the WTO forum as a legal step to protect national export interests against actions deemed discriminatory. The research findings indicate that the European Union’s RED II policy has had negative impacts on Indonesia’s palm oil exports, including a decline in export volumes, technical trade barriers, and diplomatic tensions. The WTO Panel in case WT/DS593 ruled that part of Indonesia’s claims were valid, particularly concerning violations of the principle of non-discrimination, although several other claims were rejected. The European Union was granted a period of time to bring its measures into conformity, while Indonesia is required to monitor the implementation of the WTO ruling, strengthen ISPO, and expand international cooperation. Thus, this dispute underscores the importance of strategies that balance economic interests with sustainable development in order to enhance the global competitiveness of Indonesia’s palm oil.