TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DALAM PENGANGKUTAN DARAT: PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 2081 K/PDT/2006

Abstrak

Pengangkutan darat menjadi moda yang paling banyak digunakan masyarakat, termasuk sistem perkeretaapian. Namun, tingginya aktivitas transportasi ini juga menimbulkan resiko kecelakaan seperti kasus kecelakaan antara kereta api PT KAI dan mobil pribadi di Semarang pada tahun 2003. Kasus tersebut kemudian diperiksa hingga tingkat kasasi dan diputus dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2081 K/Pdt/2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan kasus, menelaah norma hukum positif, doktrin, serta putusan pengadilan yang relevan. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada dasar pertimbangan hakim dan mekanisme penyelesaian hukum para pihak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Agung menilai kecelakaan tersebut sebagai bentuk perbuatan melawan hukum akibat kelalaian petugas di bawah Dinas Perhubungan Kota Semarang. Berdasarkan Pasal 1367 KUHPerdata, tanggung jawab hukum dibebankan kepada pemerintah daerah selaku atasan (vicarious liability). PT KAI dinyatakan tidak bersalah karena telah memenuhi prosedur keselamatan. Putusan ini mempertegas penerapan prinsip pertanggungjawaban negara dalam penyelenggaraan keselamatan transportasi darat dan menjadi preseden penting bagi perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat pengguna transportasi.

Land transportation is the most widely used mode of transportation by the public, including the railway system. However, this high level of transportation activity also poses a risk of accidents, such as the accident between a PT KAI train and a private car in Semarang in 2003. The case was then examined up to the cassation level and decided in Supreme Court Decision Number 2081 K/Pdt/2006. This research uses a juridical-normative method with a case approach, examining positive legal norms, doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The research focuses on the judge's considerations and the parties' legal settlement mechanisms. The results show that the Supreme Court considered the accident a form of unlawful conduct due to the negligence of officers under the Semarang City Transportation Agency. According to Article 1367 of the Civil Code, the local government bears legal responsibility as the superior party (vicarious liability). PT KAI was found not guilty because it had complied with safety procedures. This decision emphasizes the application of the principle of state accountability in implementing land transportation safety and sets an important precedent for legal protection for transportation users.