EFEKTIVITAS HUKUMAN KERJA SOSIAL BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN: PERSPEKTIF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PEMIDANAAN INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas hukuman kerja sosial sebagai alternatif sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana ringan dalam kerangka restorative justice di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi implementasi hukuman kerja sosial dalam praktik peradilan, hambatan yang dihadapi, serta relevansinya dengan prinsip restorative justice. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, menganalisis ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (1) KUHP, Perma Nomor 2 Tahun 2012, dan regulasi terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukuman kerja sosial memiliki potensi signifikan dalam mewujudkan tujuan pemidanaan yang humanis, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala teknis, administratif, dan keterbatasan pemahaman aparat penegak hukum. Hukuman kerja sosial dinilai lebih efektif dalam mencegah stigmatisasi, memberikan pembelajaran langsung kepada pelaku, serta memulihkan keseimbangan sosial tanpa harus menempatkan pelaku dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan. Penelitian merekomendasikan perlunya regulasi teknis yang lebih komprehensif, peningkatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, serta pengembangan sistem monitoring dan evaluasi yang sistematis untuk memastikan efektivitas penerapan hukuman kerja sosial dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia.

This research examines the effectiveness of community service sentences as an alternative criminal sanction for minor offenders within the framework of restorative justice in Indonesia. The issues examined include the implementation of community service sentences in judicial practice, obstacles faced, and their relevance to restorative justice principles. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, Supreme Court Regulation Number 2 of 2012, and other related regulations. The findings indicate that community service sentences have significant potential in achieving humane sentencing objectives, yet their implementation still faces technical and administrative constraints, as well as limited understanding among law enforcement officers. Community service sentences are deemed more effective in preventing stigmatization, providing direct learning experiences for offenders, and restoring social balance without placing offenders in correctional institutions. The research recommends the need for more comprehensive technical regulations, capacity building for law enforcement officers, and development of systematic monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure the effective implementation of community service sentences in Indonesia's criminal justice system.