LIMITASI HAK LINTAS DAMAI BAGI KAPAL ILEGAL DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA MELALUI ANALISIS HAK BERDAULAT DAN LEGALITAS PERAMPASAN ASET MV RUN ZENG 03

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya perlindungan wilayah laut Indonesia, khususnya di Laut Arafura yang sering menjadi sasaran praktik Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing oleh kapal asing. Kasus penangkapan kapal MV Run Zeng 03 menunjukkan kompleksitas kejahatan maritim yang melibatkan aktivitas penangkapan ikan ilegal dan manipulasi identitas kapal (stateless vessel). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis legalitas penegakan hukum Indonesia di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) berdasarkan prinsip sovereign rights serta menilai batasan hak lintas damai kapal asing menurut UNCLOS 1982. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual melalui analisis bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan Indonesia, seperti pengejaran seketika (hot pursuit) dan perampasan aset kapal untuk dijadikan Kapal Pengawas Negara, sah menurut Pasal 56 dan Pasal 73 UNCLOS 1982. Hak lintas damai tidak berlaku bagi kapal yang melakukan aktivitas ilegal atau tidak memiliki identitas kebangsaan yang jelas. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kebijakan asset recovery penting untuk memperkuat kedaulatan ekonomi Indonesia di laut.

This study is based on the importance of protecting Indonesia's maritime territory, particularly in the Arafura Sea, which is often targeted by foreign vessels engaged in Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing practices. The case of the MV Run Zeng 03 shows the complexity of maritime crime involving illegal fishing and vessel identity manipulation (stateless vessels). This study aims to analyze the legality of Indonesian law enforcement in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) based on the principle of sovereignty and to assess the limits of foreign vessels' rights of innocent passage according to UNCLOS 1982. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative, case, and conceptual approach through the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that Indonesia's actions, such as hot pursuit and seizure of ship assets to be used as State Surveillance Ships, are legal according to Articles 56 and 73 of UNCLOS 1982. The right of innocent passage does not apply to ships that engage in illegal activities or do not have a clear national identity. This study confirms that asset recovery policies are important for strengthening Indonesia's economic sovereignty at sea.