FIKIH LINGKUNGAN (ECO-SHARIA): MENGINTEGRASIKAN ETIKA ISLAM DALAM REGULASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI

Abstrak

Pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pembuangan limbah industri telah mencapai tingkat krisis yang serius dan berdampak besar terhadap keberlangsungan biosfer serta kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Meskipun negara telah menerapkan regulasi hukum melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, penerapan di lapangan terus menghadapi kendala structural. Kendala tersebut muncul dalam bentuk pengawasan yang reaktif, sanksi yang lemah dan tidak memberi efek jera, dan kegagalan sistematis dalam menerapkan asas “polluter pays”. Artikel jurnal ini secara menyeluruh mengkaji dan memformulasikan urgensi integrasi etika Islam, melalui Paradigma Fikih Lingkungan (Eco-Sharia atau Fiqh al-Bi’ah) ke dalam kerangka regulasi tata kelola limbah industri nasional. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif yang dipadukan dengan teori sistem hukum dan hermeneutika Maqashid al-Syari'ah, penelitian ini membedah struktur teologi ekologi Islam yang secara epistemologis menempatkan pemeliharaan lingkungan (ḥifẓ al-bī'ah) sebagai pilar utama (kebutuhan primer/ dharuriyyat) dalam konteks Maqashid al-Syari'ah. Pendekatan normatif ini mengkaji doktrin-doktrin penting seperti asas la dharar wa la dhirar (larangan berbuat kerusakan), konsep khalifah (kepemimpinan berbasis pelestarian), dan mizan (keseimbangan alam semesta), serta menilai relevansinya dalam menjawab masalah yang ada dalam hukum positif. Temuan dari analisis dan pembahasan memperlihatkan bahwa integrasi Eco-Sharia dapat mengatasi kekosongan moral (moral vacuum) dalam hukum positif dengan melibatkan instrumen fatwa ekologis dari Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sebagai dasar untuk transformasi budaya hukum, serta menerapkan sanksi pidana Islam (jarimah ta'zir) yang memberikan kebebasan kepada hakim untuk menjatuhkan hukuman yang sesuai bagi korporasi perusak lingkungan. Dalam praktiknya, kerangka etis ini diwujudkan melalui pengelolaan Islamic Green Finance (seperti Sukuk Hijau dan Wakaf Ekologis) serta inovasi Circularomics (ekonomi sirkular berbasis syariah) yang efektif menjembatani kesenjangan antara kepatuhan hukum formal dan tanggung jawab moral korporasi, hal ini terlihat pada studi kasus industri besar hingga skala rumah tangga. 

Environmental pollution caused by industrial waste disposal has reached a serious crisis level and has a significant impact on the sustainability of the biosphere and public health in Indonesia. Although the government has implemented legal regulations through Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, implementation in the field continues to face structural obstacles. These obstacles arise in the form of reactive supervision, weak and non-deterrent sanctions, and a systematic failure to implement the "polluter pays" principle. This journal article comprehensively examines and formulates the urgency of integrating Islamic ethics, through the Environmental Fiqh Paradigm (Eco-Sharia or Fiqh al-Bi'ah), into the national industrial waste management regulatory framework. By using a normative legal approach combined with the theory of legal systems and hermeneutics of Maqashid al-Syari'ah, this study dissects the structure of Islamic ecological theology which epistemologically places environmental preservation (ḥifẓ al-bī'ah) as the main pillar (primary needs/ dharuriyyat) in the context of Maqashid al-Syari'ah. This normative approach examines important doctrines such as the principle of la dharar wa la dhirar (prohibition of causing damage), the concept of khalifah (preservation-based leadership), and mizan (balance of the universe), and assesses their relevance in addressing existing problems in positive law. The findings of the analysis and discussion show that the integration of Eco-Sharia can overcome the moral vacuum in positive law by involving the ecological fatwa instrument from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as a basis for legal culture transformation, as well as implementing Islamic criminal sanctions (jarimah ta'zir) which give judges the freedom to impose appropriate penalties for corporations that damage the environment. In practice, this ethical framework is realized through the management of Islamic Green Finance (such as Green Sukuk and Ecological Waqf) as well as Circularomics innovation (a sharia-based circular economy) which effectively bridges the gap between formal legal compliance and corporate moral responsibility, this is seen in case studies of large industries down to the household scale. Abstracts are made in two languages, English and Bahasa Indonesia. Abstract more about background, purpose, up to, the results of research, and manai research. Abstract contains up to 250 words, single write spaces with italics (Italics) for English abstracts. Below the abstract are listed keywords consisting of six words, where the first word is again the forward. Abstract in Indonesian can be a translation of an English translation. Tiff editor for abstract syncing for reasons of abstract content.