HUKUM SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN HAK-HAK MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM MENGHADAPI DAMPAK GLOBALISASI

Abstrak

Globalisasi telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam tatanan sosial masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak globalisasi terhadap masyarakat adat serta mengkaji peran hukum dalam melindungi eksistensi dan kedaulatan hak-hak mereka. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Sumber data berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa globalisasi berdampak ganda bagi masyarakat adat, baik dari segi ekonomi, sosial-budaya, maupun politik. Di satu sisi, globalisasi membuka akses baru, namun di sisi lain juga mengancam kedaulatan masyarakat adat atas sumber daya dan identitas mereka. Hukum memainkan peran penting dalam melindungi hak-hak masyarakat adat, melalui pengakuan formal, harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan peradilan adat, dan penegakan prinsip persetujuan bebas, didahulukan, dan diinformasikan. Namun, implementasi perlindungan hukum masih menghadapi tantangan terkait pengakuan identitas, tumpang tindih hukum, serta kebijakan pembangunan yang mengabaikan masyarakat adat. Untuk itu, diperlukan upaya komprehensif dari negara dalam mengakomodasi dan memberdayakan masyarakat adat di tengah arus perubahan sosial.

Globalization has brought significant changes to the social order of indigenous communities. This study aims to analyze the impact of globalization on indigenous peoples and examine the role of law in protecting their existence and sovereignty over their rights. The method used is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. Data sources are primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through literature studies, then analyzed descriptively and analytically. The results show that globalization has a dual impact on indigenous peoples, both economically, socio-culturally, and politically. On the one hand, globalization opens up new access, but on the other hand, it also threatens the sovereignty of indigenous peoples over their resources and identity. Law plays an important role in protecting the rights of indigenous peoples, through formal recognition, harmonization of regulations, strengthening of customary justice, and enforcement of the principles of free, prior, and informed consent. However, the implementation of legal protection still faces challenges related to identity recognition, overlapping laws, and development policies that ignore indigenous peoples. Therefore, a comprehensive effort from the state is needed to accommodate and empower indigenous peoples amidst the currents of social change.