EFFECT OF PRENATAL MASSAGE ON REDUCING BACK PAIN IN THIRD-TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN AT UPTD PUSKESMAS AIR MOLEK, PASIR PENYU DISTRICT, INDRAGIRI HULU REGENCY

Abstrak

Nyeri punggung merupakan keluhan muskuloskeletal yang dominan pada ibu hamil trimester III, terjadi pada 60-80% kasus akibat perubahan hormon relaksin, peningkatan beban uterus, dan pergeseran pusat gravitasi. Di UPTD Puskesmas Air Molek, survei awal menunjukkan tingginya keluhan nyeri punggung yang mengganggu aktivitas harian ibu hamil. Pijat prenatal sebagai terapi non-farmakologis terbukti efektif mengurangi nyeri melalui relaksasi otot, peningkatan sirkulasi, dan stimulasi endorfin, namun belum ada data empiris local. Menganalisis pengaruh pijat prenatal terhadap penurunan nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimester III di UPTD Puskesmas Air Molek Kecamatan Pasir Penyu Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Penelitian kuantitatif quasi-eksperimental dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design. Sampel 20 ibu hamil trimester III dipilih purposive sampling. Intervensi pijat prenatal (20 menit/sesi, 1x/minggu, 4 minggu) menggunakan skala nyeri ordinal (1=tidak pernah, 4=sangat sering). Analisis univariat (frekuensi, mean) dan bivariat (uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank) menggunakan SPSS 25. Pretest: 80% responden kategori sering/sangat sering (mean 2,45±0,89); posttest: 90% tidak nyeri (mean 1,10±0,30). Uji Wilcoxon Z=-3,456 (p=0,001<0,05) menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan. Pijat prenatal efektif menurunkan nyeri melalui mekanisme fisiologis (sirkulasi, endorfin) dan mekanis (relaksasi otot lumbar), sejalan dengan penelitian Fitriyah (2020) dan Lusi Haryanti (2023). Modul pelatihan pijat prenatal untuk bidan Puskesmas dan artikel jurnal kebidanan. Pijat prenatal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan nyeri punggung ibu hamil trimester III (p=0,001).

Low back pain is a predominant musculoskeletal complaint among third-trimester pregnant women, affecting 60–80% of cases and often disrupting daily activities and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of prenatal massage on reducing back pain in third-trimester pregnant women at UPTD Puskesmas Air Molek, Pasir Penyu District, Indragiri Hulu Regency. This quantitative quasi-experimental research used a one-group pretest–posttest design with 20 third-trimester pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. Prenatal massage was administered once weekly for four weeks (20 minutes per session) following a standardized operating procedure focusing on the lumbar and back area. Back pain intensity was measured using an ordinal pain scale (1=never, 4=very frequent). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with a significance level of 0.05. Before the intervention, 80% of respondents reported frequent/very frequent back pain with a mean pretest score of 2.45±0.89. After four weeks of prenatal massage, 90% of respondents reported no pain, and the mean score decreased to 1.10±0.30. The Wilcoxon test showed Z = -3.456 with p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant reduction in back pain. Prenatal massage effectively reduces back pain in third-trimester pregnant women through physiological (circulatory and endorphin-mediated) and mechanical (muscle relaxation) mechanisms, and can be recommended as a safe complementary therapy in antenatal care at primary health care settings.