ALIRAN NON-NEWTON YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM SEDIAAN FARMASI

Abstrak

Parameter viskositas berperan penting dalam menentukan karakteristik fisik dan performa sediaan farmasi, termasuk stabilitas, daya sebar, pelepasan bahan aktif, dan kenyamanan penggunaan. Review ini mengkaji hasil penelitian mengenai nilai viskositas pada berbagai sediaan farmasi seperti gel, krim, emulsi, emulgel, dan suspensi beserta metode pengukurannya. Sebagian besar sediaan menunjukkan profil aliran non-Newtonian, khususnya pseudoplastik, plastis, dan tiksotropik. Instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan ialah viskometer Brookfield dengan variasi spindle sesuai bentuk sediaan. Faktor yang memengaruhi viskositas meliputi jenis dan konsentrasi bahan pembentuk gel, surfaktan, bahan aktif, serta pengaruh penyimpanan. Berdasarkan kajian literatur, viskositas yang optimal terbukti mendukung stabilitas fisik dan meningkatkan mutu sediaan sesuai persyaratan farmasetika.

Viscosity parameters play an important role in determining the physical characteristics and performance of pharmaceutical preparations, including stability, spreadability, active ingredient release, and ease of use. This review examines the results of studies on viscosity values in various pharmaceutical preparations such as gels, creams, emulsions, emulgels, and suspensions, along with the methods used to measure them. Most preparations exhibit non-Newtonian flow profiles, particularly pseudoplastic, plastic, and thixotropic. The most widely used instrument is the Brookfield viscometer with spindle variations according to the form of the preparation. Factors affecting viscosity include the type and concentration of gel-forming agents, surfactants, active ingredients, and the effects of storage. Based on a literature review, optimal viscosity has been proven to support physical stability and improve formulation quality in accordance with pharmaceutical requirements.