STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstrak

Transformasi digital di sektor kesehatan mendorong rumah sakit mengadopsi Artificial Intelligence (AI) sebagai inovasi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi manajemen melalui optimalisasi proses operasional, pengambilan keputusan, efisiensi administrasi, serta peningkatan kualitas pelayanan. Namun, implementasi AI masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, kesiapan sumber daya manusia, tata kelola data, serta aspek etika dan regulasi. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan penelitian mengenai strategi implementasi AI dalam manajemen rumah sakit, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan implementasi, serta mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap efisiensi operasional dan tata kelola rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Narrative Literature Review dengan menelaah berbagai artikel ilmiah yang relevan mengenai implementasi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam manajemen rumah sakit yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2021–2026. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi AI mampu meningkatkan efisiensi manajemen melalui otomatisasi proses administrasi, optimalisasi penjadwalan layanan, sistem pendukung keputusan, prediksi okupansi tempat tidur, serta pengelolaan data yang lebih akurat. Keberhasilan implementasi dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan organisasi, dukungan kepemimpinan, kompetensi sumber daya manusia, kualitas infrastruktur teknologi informasi, interoperabilitas sistem, dan tata kelola data, sedangkan keterbatasan investasi, resistensi terhadap perubahan, serta keamanan data menjadi hambatan utama. Dengan demikian, AI berpotensi menjadi strategi transformasi digital yang efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi manajemen rumah sakit apabila didukung oleh tata kelola organisasi, infrastruktur, kebijakan, dan pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia yang memadai.

Digital transformation in the healthcare sector has encouraged hospitals to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an innovative approach to improve management efficiency through the optimization of operational processes, decision-making, administrative efficiency, and service quality. However, the implementation of AI in hospitals continues to face several challenges, including limited technological infrastructure, inadequate human resource readiness, data governance issues, as well as ethical and regulatory concerns. This literature review aims to analyze recent developments in research on AI implementation strategies in hospital management, identify the factors influencing successful implementation, and evaluate its impact on operational efficiency and hospital governance. This study employed a Narrative Literature Review approach by examining relevant scientific articles on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in hospital management published between 2021 and 2026. The findings indicate that AI implementation contributes significantly to improving hospital management efficiency through the automation of administrative processes, optimization of service scheduling, decision support systems, hospital bed occupancy prediction, and more accurate data management. The success of AI implementation is influenced by organizational readiness, leadership support, human resource competencies, information technology infrastructure, system interoperability, and effective data governance, while limited investment, resistance to organizational change, and data security issues remain major barriers. Therefore, AI has substantial potential as a digital transformation strategy to enhance hospital management efficiency, provided that its implementation is supported by strong organizational governance, adequate technological infrastructure, supportive policies, and continuous human resource capacity development.