PENGATURAN HUKUM PENAMBANGAN GALIAN C MATERIAL NON-LOGAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM LINGKUNGAN

Abstrak

Penambangan Galian C material non-logam memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Namun demikian, aktivitas penambangan tersebut juga mengandung potensi risiko serius terhadap kelestarian lingkungan hidup dan ketertiban tata ruang wilayah. Kondisi ini menuntut adanya pengaturan hukum yang jelas, terpadu, dan konsisten antara rezim hukum pertambangan, hukum lingkungan, dan hukum tata ruang. Kenyataannya, pengaturan penambangan Galian C masih menunjukkan adanya tumpang tindih norma, perbedaan pendekatan pengaturan, serta potensi konflik kewenangan yang berimplikasi pada ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum penambangan Galian C material non-logam dalam perspektif hukum pertambangan, hukum lingkungan, dan hukum tata ruang, serta mengkaji sejauh mana keterpaduan pengaturan tersebut dalam sistem hukum nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pertambangan, perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, serta penataan ruang, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur hukum dan artikel jurnal ilmiah yang terindeks Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan hukum penambangan Galian C material non-logam belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi secara sistemik. Hukum pertambangan cenderung menekankan aspek pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan kepastian usaha, sementara hukum lingkungan berorientasi pada prinsip pencegahan dan perlindungan ekologis, serta hukum tata ruang menitikberatkan pada kesesuaian pemanfaatan ruang. Perbedaan orientasi pengaturan tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan ketidaksinkronan norma dalam praktik pemberian izin dan pengawasan penambangan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan penguatan harmonisasi pengaturan hukum penambangan Galian C material non-logam melalui penafsiran sistematis dan integratif antar rezim hukum, guna menjamin kepastian hukum, perlindungan lingkungan hidup, serta keberlanjutan pemanfaatan ruang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi konseptual bagi pengembangan hukum sumber daya alam dan menjadi rujukan bagi pembentuk kebijakan dalam merumuskan pengaturan penambangan yang berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.

The mining of non-metallic Class C minerals plays a strategic role in supporting infrastructure development and regional economic growth. Nevertheless, such mining activities also entail serious potential risks to environmental sustainability and the orderly use of spatial planning. This condition necessitates a clear, integrated, and consistent legal framework that aligns mining law, environmental law, and spatial planning law. In practice, the regulation of Class C mining continues to exhibit normative overlap, divergent regulatory approaches, and potential conflicts of authority, all of which contribute to legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyse the legal regulation of non-metallic Class C mineral mining from the perspectives of mining law, environmental law, and spatial planning law, and to examine the extent to which these regulatory regimes are integrated within the national legal system. The research adopts a normative legal research method, employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources in the fields of mining, environmental protection and management, and spatial planning, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of legal literature and scholarly journal articles indexed in Google Scholar. The findings indicate that the legal regulation of non-metallic Class C mineral mining has not yet been fully integrated in a systemic manner. Mining law tends to emphasise the utilisation of natural resources and business certainty, environmental law focuses on preventive principles and ecological protection, while spatial planning law prioritises conformity with designated land-use plans. These differing regulatory orientations have the potential to generate normative inconsistencies in licensing and supervisory practices. This study concludes that strengthening the harmonisation of legal regulations governing non-metallic Class C mineral mining through systematic and integrative legal interpretation across regulatory regimes is essential to ensure legal certainty, environmental protection, and the sustainability of spatial utilisation. The study is expected to contribute conceptually to the development of natural resources law and to serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating fair and sustainable mining regulations.