PRINSIP KEPENTINGAN TERBAIK ANAK DALAM PENETAPAN HAK ASUH ANAK DI PENGADILAN AGAMA MAKASSAR

(Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 2179/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Mks.)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak (the best interests of the child) dalam penetapan hak asuh anak di Pengadilan Agama Makassar melalui studi kasus Putusan Nomor 2179/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Mks. Fokus penelitian meliputi penerapan prinsip tersebut serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pertimbangan hakim dalam menetapkan hak asuh anak pasca perceraian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan hakim sebagai data primer, serta studi peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum sebagai data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim tidak hanya berpedoman pada ketentuan normatif dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan kondisi fisik, psikologis, dan emosional anak, kedekatan dengan orang tua, kemampuan pengasuhan, serta stabilitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak sebagai dasar utama dalam setiap putusan hak asuh anak.

This study aims to examine the application of the principle of the best interests of the child in determining child custody at the Religious Court of Makassar through a case study of Decision Number 2179/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Mks. The research focuses on the implementation of this principle and the factors influencing judges’ considerations in post-divorce child custody decisions. This study employs a qualitative research method with normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches. Primary data were obtained through interviews with judges of the Religious Court of Makassar, while secondary data were collected from statutory regulations, court decisions, and relevant legal literature. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings indicate that judges do not rely solely on normative provisions in the Compilation of Islamic Law but also consider the child’s physical, psychological, and emotional conditions, the child’s closeness to each parent, parenting capacity, and environmental stability. This study emphasizes that the best interests of the child must serve as the primary basis in all child custody rulings to ensure sustainable child welfare and protection.