SIMBOL WARISAN NILAI SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA PADA MASA HINDU – BUDDHA DI MINANGKABAU

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis makna filosofis yang terkandung pada era hindu buddha di minangkabau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur (literature review). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran pustaka secara mendalam terhadap berbagai sumber sekunder, seperti jurnal ilmiah terakreditasi, buku sejarah, prasasti, serta laporan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan perkembangan peradaban klasik di Sumatra Barat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis dengan teknik reduksi data, interpretasi teks, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya muatan nilai Sejarah dan nilai budaya yang sangat kuat dalam proses akulturasi kemasyarakatan. Secara historis, era ini merekam jejak pelembagaan tradisi musyawarah perdamaian, resolusi konflik antar-sistem adat, serta proses transisi menuju tradisi literasi kuno di pedalaman Sumatra Barat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaruh eksternal pada masa Hindu-Buddha tidak menghapus tatanan aturan lokal yang telah mapan, melainkan menghasilkan hibridasi budaya yang dinamis. Tradisi klasik dan hukum adat asli berjalan beriringan membentuk fondasi kebudayaan Minangkabau yang unik, di mana warisannya masih dapat dilacak secara nyata dalam sistem kekerabatan matrilineal serta tradisi musyawarah mufakat hingga masa kini.

This study aims to identify and analyze the philosophical meanings embedded in the Hindu-Buddhist period in Minangkabau. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Data collection was conducted through an in-depth literature search of various secondary sources, such as accredited scientific journals, history books, inscriptions, and previous research reports relevant to the development of classical civilization in West Sumatra. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically using data reduction, text interpretation, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The findings indicate the existence of strong historical values and cultural values within the process of social acculturation. Historically, this era recorded the institutionalization of peaceful deliberation traditions, conflict resolution between customary systems, and the transition process toward ancient literacy traditions in the interior of West Sumatra. The study concludes that external influences during the Hindu-Buddhist period did not eliminate the established local customs; rather, they produced a dynamic cultural hybridization. Both classical traditions and original customary laws developed side by side to form the unique foundation of Minangkabau culture, whose legacy can still be clearly traced today in the matrilineal kinship system and the tradition of consensus (musyawarah mufakat) to this day.