ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TAKLIK TALAK SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN DI INDONESIA DAN DI TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Abstrak

Dinamika perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak perempuan dalam kerangka hukum keluarga Islam di Asia Tenggara menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini. Fokus utama kajian diarahkan pada analisis komparatif mengenai validitas dan implikasi yuridis taklik talak antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) di Indonesia dan Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (EUUKI) Terengganu, Malaysia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum (comparative approach) untuk membedah norma hukum di kedua yurisdiksi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan karakteristik yang signifikan; di Indonesia, taklik talak bersifat insidental di mana ikatannya gugur setelah putusan pengadilan, sedangkan di Terengganu bersifat berkelanjutan (continuous) melalui diksi "tiap-tiap kali" yang tetap berlaku meskipun terjadi rujuk. Secara praktis, otoritas hukum Indonesia menerapkan Talak Ba’in Sughra guna menjamin kebebasan istri (tabula rasa), sementara Terengganu menerapkan Talak Raj’i dengan aktivasi taklik otomatis sebagai fungsi pengawasan preventif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbedaan prosedur, kedua negara tetap mengedepankan prinsip kemaslahatan (al-maslahah) dan perlindungan hukum bagi perempuan yang relevan dengan konteks legal-formal masing-masing yurisdiksi.

The dynamics of legal protection for women's rights within the framework of Islamic family law in Southeast Asia form the background of this research. The main focus of the study is directed at a comparative analysis regarding the validity and legal implications of taklik talak between the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia and the Islamic Family Law Enactment (EUUKI) of Terengganu, Malaysia. This research is a normative legal study with a comparative law approach to examine the legal norms in both jurisdictions. The findings reveal significant differences in characteristics; in Indonesia, taklik talak is incidental, meaning its binding effect lapses after a court decision, whereas in Terengganu it is continuous through the phrase "each time" which remains effective even if reconciliation occurs. Practically, the Indonesian legal authorities apply Talak Ba’in Sughra to ensure the wife’s freedom (tabula rasa), while Terengganu applies Revocable divorce with automatic taklik activation as a function of preventive supervision. This study concludes that although there are procedural differences, both countries still prioritize the principle of welfare (al-maslahah) and legal protection for women relevant to the legal-formal context of each jurisdiction.