MENDOBRAK JERUJI POSITIVISME: KONSTRUKSI MODEL PENYIDIKAN PROGRESIF-SOSIOLOGIS POLRI DALAM MENGUNGKAP STATE-CORPORATE CRIME BERBASIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstrak

Tujuan – Kajian ini mengkonstruksi Model Penyidikan Progresif-Sosiologis (MPPS) bagi Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) untuk menghadapi kejahatan negara-korporasi (state-corporate crime/SCC) yang difasilitasi kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI). Metode – Penelitian hukum normatif (doctrinal legal research) dengan lima pendekatan komplementer: perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, historis, dan filsafat hukum, yang dianalisis pada tiga tingkatan: normatif, filosofis, dan sosiologis. Temuan – Dominasi positivisme hukum membuat Polri secara institusional kurang mampu menembus lapisan legalitas formal di balik regulatory capture berbasis AI. Sintesis hukum progresif Rahardjo, social engineering Pound, dan living law Ehrlich menghasilkan model dengan tiga pilar filosofis—keadilan substantif di atas legalitas formal, responsivitas sosial, dan interdisiplinaritas—yang dioperasionalkan melalui lima tahap: pemetaan substansi, analisis jaringan sosial, audit algoritma, evaluasi dampak sosial, dan rekonstruksi kebijakan. Orisinalitas/Nilai – Sepanjang pengetahuan penulis, MPPS merupakan konstruksi lintas-mazhab pertama yang memadukan audit algoritma dengan analisis jaringan sosiologis di dalam kerangka penyidikan kepolisian Indonesia.

Purpose – This study constructs a Progressive-Sociological Investigation Model (PSIM) for the Indonesian National Police (Polri) to address state-corporate crime (SCC) facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI). Method – Doctrinal legal research is employed through five complementary approaches: statute, conceptual, case, historical, and legal-philosophy approaches, analysed across normative, philosophical, and sociological levels. Findings – The dominance of legal positivism leaves Polri institutionally ill-equipped to penetrate the formal-legal veneer behind AI-enabled regulatory capture. Synthesising Rahardjo's progressive law with Pound's social engineering and Ehrlich's living law produces a model resting on three philosophical pillars—substantive justice over formal legality, social responsiveness, and interdisciplinarity—operationalised through five investigative stages: substantive mapping, social-network analysis, algorithmic audit, social-impact evaluation, and policy reconstruction. Originality/Value – The model is, to the authors' knowledge, the first cross-school construct that integrates algorithmic auditing with sociological network analysis inside an Indonesian police investigation framework, offering both theoretical and operational pathways for reforming SCC investigation in the digital era.