IMPLEMENTASI AKAD QARDH PADA PRODUK TALANGAN HAJI DI BANK SYARIAH

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi akad qardh pada produk talangan haji di bank syariah serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip syariah dan regulasi positif. Akad qardh digunakan sebagai fasilitas pinjaman tanpa imbalan untuk menutupi kekurangan dana pendaftaran haji, sementara bank hanya diperbolehkan mengenakan biaya administrasi riil. Melalui metode kualitatif desktiptif berbasis studi literatur, penelitian ini menguraikan mekanisme pelaksanaan akad, mulai dari pengajuan, pencairan, pengembalian, hingga pengawasan syariah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun akad qardh secara normatif dibolehkan, praktik talangan haji memunculkan sejumlah problematika, seperti risiko moral hazard, potensi riba terselubung akibat penggabungan akad qardh-ijarah, hingga dampak sosial berupa meningkatnya waiting list haji. Selain itu, terdapat tantangan dalam penentuan biaya administrasi riil dan kepatuhan terhadap fatwa DSN-MUI serta regulasi lain seperti UU perbankan syariah dan PMA No.24/2016. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa implementasi akad qardh harus dijalankan secara ketat agar memberikan kemaslahatan tanpa menimbulkan mudarat bagi nasabah dan sistem haji nasional.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the qardh contract in hajj financing products offered by Islamic banks and to assess its compliance with Sharia principles and positive legal regulations. The qardh contract functions as a interest-free loan facility provided to cover the shortage of funds for hajj registration, while banks are only permitted to charge actual administrative costs. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on literature review, this research outlines the operational mechanism of the contract, including application procedures, disbursement, repayment, and Sharia supervision. The findings indicate that although the qardh contract is permissible in principle, its practical application raises several issues, such a moral hazard risks, potential hidden riba resulting from combining qardh and ijarah contracts, and social impacts reflected in the increasing hajj waiting list. Additionally, challenges arise in determining real administrative fees and ensuring compliance with DSN-MUI fatwas and regulations such as teh Islamic Banking Law and Ministry of Religious Affairs Regulation No. 24/2016. This study concludes that the implementation of qardh must be strictly regulated to ensure benefits without causing harm to customers or teh national hajj system.