GAMBARAN AKTIVITAS PENYAKIT DENGAN INDEKS BASMI PADA PASIEN SPONDILOARTRITIS DI POLI REUMATOLOGI RSUD DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Spondiloartritis (SpA) merupakan kelompok penyakit inflamasi yang menyerang sendi perifer dan aksial, dengan dampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup dan produktivitas pasien. Diagnosis dan evaluasi aktivitas penyakit sering terkendala karena gejala yang tidak khas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas penyakit SpA menggunakan Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif cross-sectional dengan consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 50 pasien SpA diperiksa, dan 45 memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran lima komponen BASMI: tragus to wall distance, lumbar side flexion, modified Schober’s test, cervical rotation, dan intermalleolar distance. Hasil: Mayoritas pasien berusia 17–60 tahun dengan rata-rata 41,83 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (88,89%). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan sebagian besar pasien memiliki nilai tragus to wall distance 10–12,9 cm, lumbar side flexion >20 cm, modified Schober’s test >7 cm, cervical rotation 59,6-68°, dan intermalleolar distance 70–79,9 cm dan 50–59,9 cm. Skor total BASMI berkisar antara 0,4 hingga 3,8, dengan skor terbanyak pada rentang 2-2,99. Kesimpulan: Terdapat variasi tingkat keterbatasan gerak aksial pada pasien SpA yang diukur melalui BASMI, yang dapat menjadi alat evaluasi praktis dalam praktik klinis.

Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the peripheral and axial joints, with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and productivity. Diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity are often hindered by non- specific symptoms. This study aims to evaluate SpA disease activity using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling. A total of 50 SpA patients were examined, with 45 meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained through measurement of five BASMI components: tragus to wall distance, lumbar side flexion, modified Schober’s test, cervical rotation, and intermalleolar distance. Results: The majority of patients were aged 17–60 years, with a mean age of 41.83 years, and were predominantly female (88.89%). Measurements showed that most patients had a tragus-to-wall distance of 10–12.9 cm, lumbar side flexion of >20 cm, modified Schober’s test of >7 cm, cervical rotation ranging from 59.6° to 68°, and intermalleolar distance between 70–79.9 cm and 50–59.9 cm. The total BASMI scores ranged from 0.4 to 3.8, with the majority falling within the range of 2–2.99. Conclusion: There is a variation in the degree of axial movement limitation among SpA patients as measured by BASMI, which can serve as a practical evaluation tool in clinical practice.