HAMBATAN DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI CEDAW DALAM PERLINDUNGAN PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI BRASIL PERIODE 2020-2023

Abstrak

Studi ini mengkaji hambatan dan tantangan implementasi Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination againts Women (CEDAW) dalam perlindungan perempuan korban kekerasan seksual di Brazil pada periode 2020-2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif analitis berbasis studi kasus dengan analisis dokumen resmi dan laporan lembaga kredibel. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Brazil memiliki kerangka hukum yang relative progresif, implementasi CEDAW masih menghadapi keterbatasan serius, terutama akibat keterlambatan mekanisme state reporting, fragmentasi koordinasi institusional, serta ketimpangan akses perlindungan hukum selama pandemi COVID-19. Lonjakan kasus kekerasan domestik dan peningkatan permohonan tindakan perlindungan darurat (MPU) tidak diimbangi dengan pengawasan internasional yang responsif dan berkelanjutan. Temuan ini mengaskan bahwa CEDAW, dalam konteks Brazil, lebih berfungsi sebagai instrument normatif daripada mekanisme perlindungan yang efektif, terutama dalam situasi krisis. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada kajian kritis organisasi internasional dengan menyoroti kesenjangan antara komitmen hukum internasional dan realitas perlindungan perempuan di tingkat nasional.

This study examines the obstacles and challenges in implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in protecting women victims of sexual violence in Brazil during the period 2020-2023. This research uses a qualitative analytical approach based on case studies with analysis of official documents and credible institutional reports. The results of the study show that although Brazil has a relatively progressive legal framework, the implementation of CEDAW still faces serious limitations, mainly due to delays in state reporting mechanisms, fragmented institutional coordination, and unequal access to legal protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The surge in domestic violence cases and the increase in requests for emergency protection measures (MPU) were not matched by responsive and sustained international monitoring. These findings confirm that CEDAW, in the Brazilian context, functions more as a normative instrument than an effective protection mechanism, especially in crisis situations. This article contributes to the critical study of international organizations by highlighting the gap between international legal commitments and the reality of women's protection at the national level.