INDONESIAN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE NUSANTARA NATIONAL CAPITAL PROJECT (IKN): ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dalam menarik investasi asing pada proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) melalui perspektif Ekonomi Politik Internasional (EPI) dan teori Neorealisme Kenneth N. Waltz. Sebagai proyek strategis nasional, pembangunan IKN memerlukan pembiayaan besar yang tidak dapat sepenuhnya ditopang oleh Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN), sehingga investasi asing langsung (Foreign Direct Investment/FDI) menjadi komponen esensial. Dalam sistem internasional yang anarkis dan kompetitif, negara dipahami sebagai aktor rasional yang berupaya meningkatkan kapabilitas nasional melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya eksternal demi mengamankan kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), melalui analisis dokumen resmi pemerintah, laporan lembaga internasional, jurnal ilmiah, serta literatur terkait diplomasi ekonomi, FDI, dan kepentingan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dalam proyek IKN diwujudkan melalui promosi investasi, penguatan kerja sama bilateral dan multilateral, pemberian insentif fiskal, serta reformasi regulasi guna menciptakan iklim investasi yang kondusif. Strategi tersebut mencerminkan upaya negara dalam mengamankan modal, transfer teknologi, dan dukungan internasional untuk memperkuat pembangunan domestik. Keputusan investor asing dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas politik, kepastian hukum, kredibilitas kebijakan, prospek ekonomi jangka panjang, serta persepsi terhadap posisi strategis Indonesia dalam ekonomi global. Dalam kerangka Neorealisme, diplomasi ekonomi ini merupakan strategi self-help untuk meningkatkan kekuatan ekonomi nasional dan memperkuat posisi relatif Indonesia dalam sistem internasional.

This study examines Indonesia’s economic diplomacy in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) for the Nusantara National Capital (IKN) project through the lens of International Political Economy (IPE) and Kenneth N. Waltz’s Neorealism. As a national strategic initiative, the development of IKN requires substantial financial resources beyond the capacity of the State Budget (APBN), positioning FDI as a critical financing instrument. Within an anarchic and competitive international system, the state is conceptualized as a rational actor seeking to enhance its capabilities by mobilizing external resources to secure national interests. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, drawing on official government documents, international institutional reports, academic journals, and relevant literature on economic diplomacy and investment. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s economic diplomacy for IKN is pursued through investment promotion, bilateral and multilateral engagement, fiscal incentives, and regulatory reforms designed to foster a conducive investment climate. These measures aim to secure capital inflows, technological transfer, and international legitimacy to support domestic development objectives. Investor decisions are influenced by political stability, legal certainty, policy credibility, long-term economic prospects, and Indonesia’s strategic position in the global economy. From a Neorealist perspective, Indonesia’s strategy reflects a self-help approach to strengthening national economic power and improving its relative standing in the international system. Economic diplomacy thus operates not merely as cooperation, but as a strategic instrument for safeguarding national interests amid global competition.