ANALISIS KUALITAS SUNGAI AIR HITAM KOTA PEKANBARU SEBAGAI RANCANGAN POSTER MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN BIOLOGI SMA

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air Sungai Air Hitam Kota Pekanbaru berdasarkan faktor fisik, kimia dan biologi serta menghasilkan rancangan poster pembelajaran biologi SMA untuk capaian pembelajaran perubahan lingkungan pada sub mater pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sungai Air Hitam Kota Pekanbaru dan di Laboratorium Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2023. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif. Penentuan stasiun penelitian secara purposive sampling dengan metode survey. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 stasiun yaitu stasiun I hulu sungai, stasiun II tengah sunngai, dan Stasiun III hilir sungai serta pada setiap stasiun memiliki 3 titik sampel. Parameter pada penelitian ini terbagi menjadi parameter utama dan parameter pendukung. Parameter utama meliputi komposisi jenis, kepadatan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, dan indeks dominansi makrozoobentos. Parameter pendukung terdiri dari suhu, pH, salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), jenis substrat, dan kadar organik substrat. Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh Kualitas air Sungai Air Hitam berdasarkan faktor fisik yaitu suhu berkisar antara 26,67-27,77oC, tingkat kecerahan sebesar 23,5-34 cm dan nilai TSS berkisar 42,67-60 mg/L. Berdasarkan faktor kimia yaitu PH berkisar antara 5,9-6,23, DO berkisar antara 1,57- 3,37 ppm , BOD berkisar antara 1,33-3,37 mg/L, COD berkisar antara 88,93-90,43 mg/L, Fe berkisar antara 0,54-0,77mg/L, Pb di setiap stasiun yaitu 0,003 mg/L, Amoniak (NH3) berkisar 0,44-0,94 mg/L, sedangkan faktor biologi Total Coliform berkisar antara 26,33-359,67 MPN/100 mg/L. Kualitas air Sungai Air Hitam di setiap stasiun tergolong tercemar ringan dengan nilai IP berkisar antara 1,5-2. Hasil penelitian analisis kualitas air Sungai Air Hitam Kota Pekanbaru digunakan sebagai bahan rancangan poster capaian pembelajaran perubahan lingkungan tepatnya materi pencemaran air.

The aim of this research is to determine the water quality of the Black Air River in Pekanbaru City based on physical, chemical and biological factors and to produce a high school biology learning poster design for environmental change learning outcomes in the sub-matter of environmental pollution. This research was carried out at the Air Hitam River, Pekanbaru City and at the Biology Education Laboratory, FKIP, Riau University from May to June 2023. The type of research used was quantitative descriptive. Determination of research stations using purposive sampling using survey methods. This research consists of 3 stations, namely Station I upstream of the river, Station II in the middle of the river, and Station III downstream of the river and each station has 3 sample points. The parameters in this research are divided into main parameters and supporting parameters. The main parameters include species composition, density, diversity index, evenness index, and macrozoobenthic dominance index. Supporting parameters consist of temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), substrate type, and substrate organic content. Based on the analysis, it was found that the water quality of the Air Hitam River was based on physical factors, namely temperature ranging from 26.67-27.77oC, brightness level of 23.5-34 cm and TSS value ranging from 42.67-60 mg/L. Based on chemical factors, namely PH ranges from 5.9-6.23, DO ranges from 1.57-3.37 ppm, BOD ranges from 1.33-3.37 mg/L, COD ranges from 88.93-90, 43 mg/L, Fe ranges from 0.54-0.77mg/L, Pb at each station is 0.003 mg/L, Ammonia (NH3) ranges from 0.44-0.94 mg/L, while the biological factor Total Coliform ranges from between 26.33-359.67 MPN/100 mg/L. The water quality of the Air Hitam River at each station is classified as lightly polluted with an IP value ranging from 1.5-2. The results of research on the water quality analysis of the Black Water River in Pekanbaru City were used as material for designing posters for environmental change learning outcomes, specifically water pollution material.