ANALISIS DAMPAK PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI DELI AKIBAT LIMBAH DOMESTIK DILIHAT DARI ASPEK LINGKUNGAN DI KECAMATAN KARANG BEROMBAK KOTA MEDAN

Abstrak

Pencemaran sungai di Indonesia saat ini telah berada di ambang kritis. Berdasarkan laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK), di tahun 2015 sebanyak 67,94 persen atau mayoritas air sungai di Indonesia dalam status tercemar berat. Sungai Deli merupakan satu dari delapan sungai yang ada di Kota Medan. Secara administratif DAS Deli berada pada tiga kabupaten/kota yaitu Kabupaten Karo (3% dari luas total), Kabupaten Deli Serdang (61,55%), dan Kota Medan (35,45%). Ada tujuh Sub DAS yang membentuk DAS Deli, yaitu Sub DAS Petane, Sub DAS Simai-mai, Sub DAS Deli, Sub DAS Babura, Sub DAS Bekala, Sub DAS Sei Kambing dan Sub DAS Paluh Besar Berdasarkan hasil observasi didapatkan informasi bahwa  jenis limbah domestic yang banyak ditemukan di aliran sungai Deli Kelurahan Karang Berombak, Kecamatan Medan Barat antara lain:  1) Air cucian piring dan baju yang mengandung deterjen dan sabun. 2) Air bekas mandi dan toilet yang mengandung kotoran manusia. 3) Sisa makanan dan minyak goreng.Dampak limbah rumah tangga terhadap lingkungan hidup perlu mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah. Dalam menjaga lingkungan hidup pemerintah memerlukan adanya aturan yang jelas dan tegas tentang lingkungan hidup, serta mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat. Adapun dampak limbah rumah tangga di Sungai Deli yang dirasakan Masyarakat adalah:  1.menimbulkan bau yang tidak sedap (busuk) , 2. Naiknya air sungai ke pemukiman , 3.Penurunan kadar oksigen air 4. Muncul Sumber Penyakit.

River pollution in Indonesia is currently at a critical threshold. Based on a report issued by the Directorate General of Pollution and Environmental Damage Control, Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), in 2015 as much as 67.94 percent or the majority of river water in Indonesia was heavily polluted. The Deli River is one of eight rivers in Medan City. Administratively, the Deli Watershed is located in three districts/cities, namely Karo Regency (3% of the total area), Deli Serdang Regency (61.55%), and Medan City (35.45%). There are seven sub-watersheds that make up the Deli watershed, namely Petane sub-watershed, Simai-mai sub-watershed, Deli sub-watershed, Babura sub-watershed, Bekala sub-watershed, Sei Kambing sub-watershed and Paluh Besar sub-watershed. Based on the results of observations, information was obtained that the types of domestic waste that are often found in the Deli river, Karang Berombak Village, West Medan District include: 1) Dish and clothes washing water containing detergent and soap. 2) Water used from bathing and toilets contains human waste. 3) Food waste and cooking oil. The impact of household waste on the environment needs attention from the government. In protecting the environment, the government requires clear and firm regulations regarding the environment, as well as socializing them to the public. The impacts of household waste in the Deli River felt by the community are: 1. Causing an unpleasant (rotten) odor, 2. Rising river water into residential areas, 3. Decreasing water oxygen levels 4. Sources of disease appearing.