ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA BERAS NASIONAL DAN UMP TERHADAP KONSUMSI BERAS DI SUMATERA UTARA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh harga beras dan pendapatan masyarakat yang diukur melalui Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP) terhadap konsumsi beras di Sumatera Utara periode 2010–2025. Penelitian menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan sumber literatur lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga beras dan UMP mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, sedangkan konsumsi beras masyarakat cenderung mengalami penurunan. Kenaikan harga beras memengaruhi daya beli masyarakat, terutama kelompok berpendapatan rendah. Sementara itu, peningkatan UMP membantu mempertahankan kemampuan konsumsi masyarakat, meskipun belum sepenuhnya mampu mengimbangi inflasi pangan dan kenaikan harga kebutuhan pokok. Penurunan konsumsi beras juga dipengaruhi oleh perubahan pola konsumsi, diversifikasi pangan, dan perubahan gaya hidup masyarakat. Secara keseluruhan, harga beras dan pendapatan masyarakat memiliki pengaruh terhadap konsumsi beras di Sumatera Utara.

This study aims to analyze the effect of rice prices and community income measured through the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on rice consumption in North Sumatra during the 2010–2025 period. The study used a library research method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The data used were secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and other supporting literature. The results showed that rice prices and the Provincial Minimum Wage increased from year to year, while rice consumption tended to decline. Rising rice prices affected people's purchasing power, especially low-income communities. Meanwhile, the increase in UMP helped maintain the community’s consumption ability, although it was not fully able to offset food inflation and rising prices of basic necessities. The decline in rice consumption was also influenced by changes in consumption patterns, food diversification, and lifestyle changes. Overall, rice prices and community income have an influence on rice consumption in North Sumatra.