PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KAWASAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI MUARA BADAK

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji penegakan hukum terhadap kerusakan lingkungan hidup di kawasan ekosistem mangrove di Muara Badak dengan fokus pada pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku serta hambatan yang dihadapi dalam upaya penegakan hukum. Kerusakan ekosistem mangrove yang terjadi akibat alih fungsi lahan dan pemanfaatan kawasan tanpa izin menimbulkan dampak ekologis, sosial, dan ekonomi yang signifikan bagi masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal research dengan memanfaatkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan serta data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, dan dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku perusakan mangrove yang melakukan pembukaan dan pemanfaatan kawasan tanpa izin telah memenuhi unsur pertanggungjawaban pidana berdasarkan ketentuan hukum lingkungan yang berlaku. Namun demikian, penegakan hukum belum berjalan secara optimal karena sanksi yang dijatuhkan cenderung bersifat administratif dan belum memberikan efek jera yang memadai. Selain itu, terdapat berbagai hambatan yang memengaruhi efektivitas penegakan hukum, antara lain lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, minimnya pengawasan, serta rendahnya kesadaran hukum dan lingkungan masyarakat. Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan kawasan mangrove dan terbatasnya alternatif mata pencaharian juga menjadi faktor yang mendorong terjadinya kerusakan mangrove secara berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan penegakan hukum, peningkatan pengawasan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan perlindungan dan pelestarian ekosistem mangrove secara berkelanjutan.

This study examines law enforcement against environmental damage in the mangrove ecosystem area of Muara Badak, focusing on the criminal liability of perpetrators and the obstacles encountered in law enforcement efforts. Damage to the mangrove ecosystem caused by land conversion and unauthorized utilization of mangrove areas has generated significant ecological, social, and economic impacts on coastal communities. This research employs a socio-legal approach by utilizing primary data obtained through interviews and field observations, as well as secondary data derived from legislation, literature, and related documents. The findings indicate that individuals responsible for mangrove destruction through unauthorized land clearing and utilization have fulfilled the elements of criminal liability under applicable environmental laws. However, law enforcement has not been fully effective, as the sanctions imposed tend to be administrative in nature and have not created a sufficient deterrent effect. Furthermore, several obstacles hinder effective law enforcement, including weak inter-agency coordination, limited facilities and infrastructure, inadequate supervision, and low levels of legal and environmental awareness among local communities. The dependence of communities on mangrove resources and the lack of alternative livelihoods also contribute to the continued degradation of mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, strengthening law enforcement mechanisms, enhancing supervision, and empowering local communities are essential to ensure the sustainable protection and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.