CYBERBULLYING DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP SELF-ESTEEM SISWA: IMPLIKASI LAYANAN BK DI SEKOLAH

Abstrak

Fenomena cyberbullying yang semakin meningkat di kalangan siswa berdampak signifikan terhadap aspek psikologis, khususnya self-esteem. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji dampak cyberbullying, masih terdapat kesenjangan dalam penerapannya pada layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep cyberbullying, bentuk-bentuknya, dampaknya terhadap self-esteem siswa, serta implikasinya bagi layanan BK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian literatur dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis) untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber, seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa cyberbullying dapat berdampak negatif terhadap self-esteem, melalui internalisasi pesan-pesan negatif, terganggunya penerimaan sosial, serta menurunnya rasa aman dan kontrol diri. Dampak tersebut bersifat timbal balik dan berpotensi membentuk siklus negatif tanpa intervensi yang tepat. Implikasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan layanan preventif, responsif, perencanaan individual, serta dukungan sistem melalui edukasi digital, pengembangan keterampilan sosial-emosional, dan konseling berbasis pendekatan kognitif-perilaku, penguatan resiliensi, serta kolaborasi dengan orang tua dan pemangku kepentingan sekolah. Selain itu, konselor sekolah perlu memiliki kompetensi literasi digital dan asesmen psikologis. Dengan demikian, penanganan cyberbullying memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan kolaboratif untuk mendukung perkembangan self-esteem siswa serta menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang aman secara digital.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying has increasingly emerged among students and has significant impacts on psychological aspects, particularly self-esteem. Although various studies have examined the effects of cyberbullying, there is still a gap in its implementation within school Guidance and Counseling (GC) services. This study aims to examine the concept of cyberbullying, its forms, its impact on students’ self-esteem, and its implications for Guidance and Counseling services. This study employed a literature review approach using content analysis techniques to analyze various sources, including books, scholarly journals, and relevant previous studies. The findings indicate that cyberbullying can negatively affect self-esteem through the internalization of negative messages, disrupted social acceptance, and a reduced sense of security and self-control. These impacts are reciprocal in nature and have the potential to create a negative cycle without proper intervention. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening preventive and responsive services, individual planning, and system support through digital education, the development of social-emotional skills, counseling based on cognitive-behavioral approaches, resilience strengthening, as well as collaboration with parents and school stakeholders. In addition, school counselors need to possess competencies in digital literacy and psychological assessment. Therefore, addressing cyberbullying requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach to support the development of students’ self-esteem and to create a digitally safe school environment